tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33162037181867532772024-03-08T08:26:02.216-08:00EditingZoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.comBlogger230125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-60616097140579930862020-09-03T04:01:00.001-07:002020-09-03T04:01:06.819-07:00ââ¬Åthe Fenderââ¬Å"the Fender-Benderâ⬠Essay Investigation of ââ¬Å"The Fender-Benderâ⬠Ramon ââ¬Å"TIANGUISâ⬠Perezââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Fender-Benderâ⬠gives some knowledge on the point of view of being a foreigner. In this article Mr. Perez is communicating to the peruser that even a little mishap could cause immense issues. One such issue could be the chance of being sent back to his local nation. ââ¬Å"Without migration papers, without a driving license, and having hit another vehicle. I feel as though Iââ¬â¢m one stage away from Mexicoâ⬠. (Pg. 79) Mr. Perez utilizes ââ¬Å"Narrationâ⬠and Definitionâ⬠to attempt to pick up the readerââ¬â¢s consideration. Apparently the theory is about an immigrantââ¬â¢s battle to stay in this nation with or without the correct desk work required. Mr. Perez assumes liability for the mishap yet doesn't figure he ought to be dealt with uniquely in contrast to any other person. Not having the papers important to demonstrate what his identity is, appears to the peruser to be of no still, small voice to Mr. Perez. ââ¬Å"Minor, just a scratch on the paint and a pimple-sized dentâ⬠(Pg. 79) is the manner by which Mr. Perez portrays to the peruser how little and irrelevant the mishap showed up. His tone is fairly on edge. Mr. Perez utilizes his words to change his importance first and foremost when discussing his driverââ¬â¢s permit. He needs to pay for the harm as opposed to getting the police in question. This isn't an exceptional practice for Illegal outsiders. Paying for the harm is a superior answer for them than the chance of being expelled. â⬠¢An outsider is characterized as an outsider. The United States has numerous undocumented outsiders. Expatriates are regularly examined in the media, yet only every once in a long while are the emotions and considerations clarified. A large number of them locate their own selfââ¬â¢s in a similar quandary that Mr. Perez faces in this article. This is an issue in the United States and ought to be paid attention to. Simultaneously we have numerous Mexicans and different societies that were conceived in the United States making them residents be that as it may, without the papers to demonstrate who they are it could cause them a similar concern as Mr. Perez. Perez, Ramon ââ¬Å"The Fender-Bender. â⬠The Sundance Reader fifth Edition 2009, 2006 Wadsworth Cengage Pages 79-81. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-1336307678292183852020-08-22T18:05:00.001-07:002020-08-22T18:05:10.160-07:00Essay --On October 29th, 1929 the securities exchange slammed in the United States. This day was known as Black Tuesday, the day which flagged the start of the Great Depression. In the most awful day in the American nationââ¬â¢s securities exchange history with significant crashes in showcase, the qualities and costs of stocks dove because of investors liquidation of stocks which must be sold at any value vital (New York Times of October 30, 1929). Continuously 1933, a fourth of American families, who were intensely reliant on their occupations, were jobless. Joblessness levels had arrived at an exceptional elevated level, adding hardship to the lives of the American individuals. Numerous individuals around then were constrained out of their homes and onto the roads as they lost their positions or had to work at employments which scarcely permitted them to give food, significantly less installments on a house. A large number of individuals moved into what were usually alluded to as ââ¬Å"Shanty townsâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Hoovervilleââ¬â¢sâ⬠, as the president at the time was Herbert Hoover, who was not well known among the American individuals and was generally accused for the beginning of the downturn. City avenues loaded up with breadlines, soup kitchen lines, individuals searching for food, and afterward the joblessness lines continued becoming out the entryway and into the lanes. The American men would leave their families to travel and search for work in the homestead arrives over the nations so as to accommodate their families. At times they would not come into contact with their family in months. This cracked the structure of family lives. The American individuals turned out to be immediately baffled with the practically no improvement of the circumstance and the exertion which President Hoover was placing into the alleviation of the financial circumstance. Come 1932 t... ...advertisement presently completely become a piece of the war exertion. With the possibility of nonintervention a distant memory with the assault on Pearl Harbor, America immediately started to ascend back to its feet despite everything experiencing the Great Depression. The nations economy rose just as the steel business, organizations, for example, Ford who shut their Rouge plant in Detroit which guaranteed numerous occupations during the Great Depression reacted to war creation by making employments for a huge number of Americans. With the structure of maritime ships, tanks and planes the economy of the United States started to see a quickly expanding economy. As found in the diagram underneath, American joblessness rates fell definitely from the years 1940 to 1945 which denoted the finish of the war. As indicated by Robert S. McElvaine ââ¬Å"The development of 1940-41 accomplished more to remember American industry and diminish joblessness than had any New Deal Programâ⬠(320). Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-55631228749960662020-08-21T15:46:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:46:42.224-07:00Floods and weather conditions in TurkeyQuestion: Write in detail of an occasion of 2016 floods and climate conditions in Turkey ? A) were they arranged B) How they oversaw C) After reaction and recuperation Answer: Presentation Turkey and its populaces show a higher saw danger of a seismic tremor when contrasted with different nations and the nation is no more odd to encountering quakes (Knuth et al., 2014) and other normal cataclysms. Accordingly, any involvement in a danger raises the apparent danger of that peril. Catastrophe of any sort of debacle prompts wounds and illnesses, loss of human life and every one of those add to weights of social insurance costs and financial misfortune. The harm to open structures and business ventures spells debacle for a network. Practically 40% of every single cataclysmic event over the world are because of floods (Ercment et al., 2005). Poor financial and wellbeing states of a network add to the passings and wounds. In this way, there is an ascent in the quantity of irresistible illnesses, respiratory contaminations, looseness of the bowels and jungle fever in the territories after the floods. About floods In meteorological terms, flooding is typically characterized as a limited risk that is the aftereffect of unreasonable and confined precipitation in a brief period in a given area. Streak floods and single-occasion floods are the most widely recognized by the World Meteorological Organization, which distinguishes around ten distinct sorts of floods (KomuAcu Celik, 2013). During the glimmer floods, one sees a fast ascent and downturn of the flooding waters, trailed via avalanches and trash streams. The seriousness of a flooding is affected by soil dampness, land conditions and the landscape of the territory. Single-occasion floods are brought about by overwhelming downpours with cyclonic unsettling influences and can keep going for quite a long time and days. Floods are one of the most well-known catastrophic events, and flooding is quick turning into a more prominent danger to humankind. Turkey encounters different cataclysmic events related in light of its geological area, geography , and geology. The catastrophic events, for example, avalanches, gravity streams; floods and snow torrential slides are getting normal here. Destroying flood occasions as of late have occurred in different waterway bowls of Turkey, causing passing and broad harms. Floods in the seaside zones in Turkey are made predominantly in view of substantial precipitation alongside certain geomorphologic highlights (Yksek, Kankal nc, 2013).Floods can happen due to unexpected snowmelt in the rocky piece of Turkey or because of overwhelming precipitation in the waterfront regions. Floods are viewed as the most ordinarily happening catastrophic events on the planet. A worldwide temperature alteration and climatic changes have raised the seriousness and recurrence of the floods in Turkey. They are a reason for major financial misfortunes and mortality in Turkey. Late floods in Turkey Turkey is situated in the district of two landmasses Asia and Europe. It is made of seven topographical locales, Southeastern Anatolia, Marmara, Aegean, Black Sea, Mediterranean, Eastern Anatolia and Central Anatolia. The vast majority of the waterways encompassing the nation stream into the oceans. In spite of the fact that the climatic states of Turkey are very mild, it is the assorted idea of the scene that is the reason behind. For instance, the equal running mountains to the coasts make critical changes in climatic conditions. The seaside zones appreciate milder atmospheres, and the inland Anatolian level faces extraordinary summers and winters when contrasted with different regions. 501 m3 downpour of precipitation falls every year in Turkey (Ercment et al., 2005). In 2016, the Mediterranean shore of southern Turkey stayed immersed in light of the heavy rains. The individuals had to remain in their homes and watch the avenues getting overflowed. Private and open vehicle vehicle s stopped and occasions were reported in view of the flooding in Mersin (Torrential downpour floods Turkey 2016). Many structures and extensions were harmed in Turkeys Ordu Province as a result of floods and overwhelming downpours. The terrible climate caused avalanches and glimmer flooding in various regions and numerous little streams, for example, Kacal? also, Gargacak were flooding (Davies, 2016). Solid breezes, heavy precipitation and overwhelming snowfall in certain urban areas in Turkey, including the capital Ankara, and Istanbul, left life deadened for quite a long time. Turkish Airlines dropped numerous flights, and the Ferry administration among Istanbul and northwestern Bursa was constrained. Numerous schools stayed shut in western, northern, focal and southern urban communities (Heavy snowfall, precipitation, floods, 2016). Substantial snowfall and downpours lashed Turkey, and residents in Antalya were shocked by the serious climate conditions. Substantial downpours hit the Southern territory of Mersin, in this way causing dangerous floods joined by overwhelming snowfall (Heavy snowfall, fatal blaze flooding hits Turkey, 2016). In view of nearby media reports, the neighboring region of Giresun was influenced. Turkeys Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency announced that few structures and streets had been seriously harmed. It is seen that Turkey is very powerless against streak flooding and the waterfront urban areas encompassed by steep mountains are presented to the dangers of avalanches (Davies, 2016). Turkey life was incapacitated under the overwhelming snowfall and downpours and savage floods in the southern piece of the nation. Numerous regions and schools in focal and northern areas were shut because of day off. Overwhelming snowfall was found in focal and northern Anatolia. Ankara-Afyonkarahisar street was shut down in view of the overwhelming day off, the intercity transports stationary. Numerous individuals were injured and murdered because of terrible climate. Local and global flights got covered. (Day off, hit Turkey, 2016).The municipalitys fiasco coordination focus and Meteorologists in Istanbul cautioned the country about day off tempest in the Istanbul zone. What makes Turkey inclined to floods Turkey endures distinctive catastrophic events due to its geological area, precipitation system, and geography and faces streak floods, quakes, timberland flames, torrential slides, and avalanches. Streak floods are a genuine catastrophic event here, and there are in excess of twenty flood occasions each year in the nation (Yildirim et al., 2016). The district encompassing the city of Edirne in Turkey is inclined to flooding due to its presentation to effects of Maritza, Arda and Tundja River bowl frameworks (Tuncok 2015). Marmara district and Istanbul zones are profoundly inclined to streak floods (KomuAcu Celik, 2013). Different factors, for example, urbanization, land use changes, development and poor seepage add to the dangers, particularly in the major urban territories. As indicated by Tuncok (2015), the thickly populated Turkish piece of the stream bowl needs land space for introducing such basic anticipation measures. Notwithstanding, nonstructural measures can be utilized by stream beds and banks restoration as flood counteraction measures. Hydrological sway assessment of environmental change on the Omerli Basin of Istanbul, in light of reenactments and network scale and use of HBV hydrologic model recommend that the high streams are relied upon to ascend in the before the finish of the twenty-first century (Kara, Yucel, 2015). Research recommends that the urban precipitation shows higher variety than the country one. Accordingly, it brings up that urban territories are increasingly inclined to visit and extreme dry seasons and floods. This could be a result of expanded convective and orographic movement in the urban regions. The bringing down precipitation in the Western regions of Turkey can be taken a gander at as the positive pattern of Notchy Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (Tayan et al., 2009). In any case, the northern territories of the nation are encountering an expansion in precipitation in light of the Mediterranean sort of atmosphere. The ascent in populace in addition to the drop of precipitation in the Western territories of Turkey in addition to the ascent in temperatures can make a few dangers. Taking a gander at the financial assorted variety of the territory and the atmosphere changes, Turkey can encounter an expanded weight on water assets. The harming floods are believed to influence numerous pieces of Turkey as of late. The nation has endured a huge number of dollars monetary harm because of regular floods in significant urban areas of the nation. An investigation on Marmara flood mirrors that human action can intensify the effects of floods and increment the monetary misfortunes (KomuAcu Celik, 2013). Floods are the third most incessant catastrophes in Turkey, and the flood chance administration isn't yet set up in Turkey. As affirmed by Ak?nc?, Erdo?an (2014), the specialists are worried about the configurations and the scales in which the information are produced. The Marmara area in Turkey is extremely touchy to antagonistic climate conditions. It underpins 60% of the business of Turkish Republic and in this way is a significant geopolitical area. This is the principal territory to be influenced by typhoons from the North West side of the nation, due to its specific highlights and area. The lower mountains give no hindrance to climate frameworks, and the area falls in the transitional zone between the Mediterranean and Black oceans atmospheres (Deniz et al., 2013). The Climate factors and the geology Turkey has a complex climatic structure and in this manner is among those nations that will be influenced the most as a result of a dangerous atmospheric devation. Various areas of Turkey on account of their divided geology and encompassed with waters by three sides will encounter atmosphere changes in different habits. Bone-dry and semi-dry areas, for example, Southeastern, Central Anatolia, Aegean and Mediterranean locales, under desertification will see impressive temperature increment (Bueyuekyildiz et al., 2009).Those atmosphere changes in future can prompt changes in rural exercises in Turkey. A dangerous atmospheric devation and atmosphere changes can prompt expanding number of floods, dry spells, diminishing farming creations, expanding number of backwoods fires and a brought down organic assorted variety. Contingent upon the ascent in seawater level, the low flood-delta and coast fields of Turkey s can stay submerged. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-52566277155627801182020-06-08T10:29:00.001-07:002020-06-08T10:29:02.358-07:00Applicant Malia Obama Applicant Malia Obama February 15 Malia Obama can go to any college she wishes to attend. Anyone who opines otherwise isnt living in the real world. Malia Obama, eldest daughter of President Obama, has been touring colleges like many high school juniors across America. In fact, Malia recently visited her fathers alma mater, Columbia University, as well as Barnard College. Shed previously, as we had noted, toured Stanford University andà UC Berkeley. We have a feeling shell be touring her moms alma mater soon as well, Princeton University. A junior at Sidwell Friends, the same school that Chelsea Clinton attended as a high schooler, do you think shell follow in the footsteps of her dad, her mom, or maybe Chelsea Clinton? Malia is apparently interested in directing movies. As weve stated many times on the pages of this college admissions blog, you dont have to go to film schoolà to become a great film director. In fact, you can major in the classics or biology and still find great success in Hollywood. In Hollywood, you generally have to work your way up the food chain. While USC connections, as an example, can be helpful, you can build connections on your own in your first weeks out in LA. We firmly believe film school is overrated, but weve focused on the specifics of why we believe this many times before. So heres hoping Malia doesnt fall into that trap. The fact is that no matter where she attends college, she will be well connected in Hollywood. Many of Hollywoods biggest players, after all, have given money to her fathers campaigns. And her fathers former Chief of Staff, Rahm Emanuel, the current Mayor of Chicago, is the brother of perhaps Hollywoods single most powerful player, William Morr is Endeavor (WME) chief Ari Emanuel. So, yes, she is quite hooked up. And as for Malias case for admission, every school will be clamoring to try to secure her spot in their incoming class, to gain these most important bragging rights. She is the daughter of the sittingà United States President and they will all want her. We saw a quote by someone in the press that Malia will still need to have excellent SAT or ACT scores and stellar grades to gain admission to a top university. Our response? Get real. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-83540537884134722392020-05-17T09:48:00.001-07:002020-05-17T09:48:18.443-07:00Sustainability Of Islamic Finance In The West Finance Essay - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 23 Words: 6966 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? With a rapidly altering world economic system, the long-established virtues and stringent laws of Shariah based Islamic Finance have recently adopted a promising reputation. Despite global attention on Middle East unrest and public divides in opinions related to Islamic practice, a growing trend towards favoring the adoption of IF policies. Since its formal establishment in 1963 in Egypt, through rapid expansion in the UAE in 1975 and Kuwait in 1977, the region sparked global interest as Islamic nations have consistently shown growth. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sustainability Of Islamic Finance In The West Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The United States of America, despite its political infractions with Islamic counties due to an upsurge in perceived terrorist threats, currently houses 19 providers of Islamic banking products, and continues to offer these services to its large and growing Muslim population; a trend that is echoed in neighboring Europe and African nations. A significant number of economic academics and Islamic scholars alike are showing support towards the western inclination toward Shariah based banking schemes, despite terrorist attacks on the west including the events of September 11, 2001. Goverment policy has been increasingly supportive of the development of Islamic financial services in recent years because it has been seen to contribute to broader government objectives such as combating social exclusion and promoting London and wider UK as global financial centreÃâà Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne, explained in her testament to the benefits of IF. The publications from the most rece nt Islamic Finance Summit, are enumerated and provide compelling academic support for the implementation of IF practices to further develop and sustain the turbulent economies incurred by European and North American nations. Islamic Finance: A comparative study of its application in the West The application and growth of Islamic Finance in Europe UK UK is the eighth-largest global center for Islamic finance, behind countries such as Saudi Arabia and the majority of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, but surprisingly ahead of Pakistan and Egypt.1 (Schoon, 2009). It is the most advanced in Islamic finance developments among the Western Europe countries. The UKs enviable eighth position in the global ranking is for a large part due to the size of HSBC Amanahs Islamic finance offering, but is also attributable to the fact that the UK, as an international financial center, had in the early stages recognized the importance of Islamic finance as part of the overall financial industry. It thus took positive steps to allow the authorization of banks and to ensure that Islamic financial instruments can be offered in the UK in a similar fashion as conventional structures, hence creating a level playing field. There are five fully Shariah compliant banks as well as one insurance company and one investment manager have been auth orized by the Financial Services Authority (FSA). In addition, there are 17 conventional institutions offering Islamic financial services in the UK such as HSBC Amanah, Lloyds Banking Group and Deutsche Bank.1 (Schoon, 2009) The foundations for the future development of Islamic finance in the UK have been firmly laid. Although the likely growth cannot be predicted accurately, there is scope for expansion, as set out below. Retail markets To date the industry has largely concentrated on providing mortgage and savings products for retail consumers, and growth has been modest. The tax and regulatory developments already outlined could benefit the market and there are signs of firms expanding their product ranges through providing new saving and investment products. Interest-free student overdrafts have recently emerged and there seems to be demand for new products targeted at the personal finance and the small and medium size enterprise (SME) markets. Elsewhere in the retail market, some regional stockbrokers are providing services to consumers at all levels of the wealth spectrum and some financial advisers are offering tailored advice to the Muslim community. 2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, Ravalia, 2007) Wholesale markets The Sukuk market in London is now well established. The volume of Sukuk trading is still small but this could change if the government goes ahead with a sovereign issue. There are also indications that a few inter-dealer brokers in London may be trying to develop closer links with Islamic firms in the Gulf, possibly by establishing regional offices there. 2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, Ravalia, 2007) Takaful Takaful markets in other countries are considerably more mature than in the UK. These include the Gulf States and particularly Malaysia, which has been active in this area for several decades. The prospects for growth in the UK are unclear; but it is possible that as products are rolled out in these more established markets, there may be some transfer of activity to the UK. The growth of Takaful products in the UK could help to develop the Islamic mortgage market. As with conventional firms, Islamic finance firms would then be able to offer a combined package to prospective home buyers. 2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, Ravalia, 2007) One of the biggest obstacles for Takaful providers is the limited amount of Sharia compliant reinsurance capacity. Precise data is unavailable but, based on anecdotal evidence; Islamic reinsurance is able to provide only a fraction of the cover needed by the Takaful industry. As a result, Takaful providers sometimes have to obtain dispensation from their SSBs to take cover with conventional reinsurers. As already mentioned, the FSA is willing to consider further applications from firms in this sector on the same basis as conventional firms. 2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, Ravalia, 2007) Complex products Although derivative products are well established tools for managing risks in conventional financial markets, there has been considerable difficulty developing Sharia compliant products which mirror these instruments. These products are controversial and have not been readily accepted by scholars because of their speculative nature. A small number of products have been developed by various banks, for example, Citi have products for managing currency and interest rate risk and other firms such as Deutsche Bank have developed a technique for Islamic derivative products. Indicative of the widening interest in this area, the International Swap and Derivatives Association (ISDA) and the International Islamic Finance Market (IIFM) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop a master agreement for Sharia compliant derivative products. It is difficult to assess exactly what type of instruments may result but the FSA is following this closely. 2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Ra hman, Ravalia, 2007) Hedge funds Several hedge fund managers have Sharia-compliant funds within their portfolios. In January 2007, Amiri Capital was authorized as a standalone Islamic hedge fund manager and more applications may be in prospect. The growth will to a great extent depend on whether the investors approve the methods proposed by fund managers. As with the UK managers of conventional hedge funds, managers of Islamic funds would also be regulated by the FSA. As now, the main regulatory focus would be on systems and controls, valuations, disclosure and conflicts of interest. So far as we know, there are currently no major regulatory issues with regard to Islamic hedge fund managers.2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, Ravalia, 2007) EU passporting Under the relevant European Union directives, one avenue for financial institutions in the UK, including Islamic ones, to expand is to passport their business activities into any one of the European Union member states (and vice versa). Concerted efforts have been made within the European Union to form a single market for financial services; and UK-authorized institutions may offer products throughout the European Union without the need to have separate authorization in each member country. This means that Islamic institutions that passport would have access to an estimated 15 million potential customers. The Bank of London and the Middle East is the first Islamic bank to have taken advantage of a cross-border services passport, which enables it to offer its products and services across all EU member states, without a physical presence in the host country. 2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, Ravalia, 2007) Government initiatives The government has recently taken important steps to promote the industry. In April 2007, the Treasury established an Islamic Finance Expert Group representing a broad cross-section of opinion from the industry, the City, Muslim organizations and other bodies, including the FSA. The general objective is to advise the government on opportunities to help Islamic finance in the UK. 2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, Ravalia, 2007) More specifically, as confirmed in the Chancellors pre-Budget Report in October 2007, the group is overseeing an official study by the Treasury and the UK Debt Management Office on the possibility of the UK government issuing a sovereign Sukuk in the wholesale market. As to be expected, the study is examining the practical, legal and tax implications of doing so as well as structural issues such as the need for primary legislation. It has already generated a good deal of interest among market participants and the government will publish a consultative document later in 2007. 2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, Ravalia, 2007) At the same time, the government has asked National Savings and Investments (NSI) to begin a detailed study on the feasibility of offering Islamic retail products. This study will cover similar ground to the one on Sukuk, namely looking at the costs and benefits, the range and structure of products that might be offered, and the likely demand. NSI will publish their report by Autumn 2008. 2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, Ravalia, 2007) The longer term Looking further ahead, there is scope to expand the market for Islamic products and services to non-Muslims as well as Muslims. The market is not confined to a particular group of consumers and Islamic finance providers can position their products to appeal more to the much larger non-Muslim population. Their success in doing so will in part depend on the ability to demonstrate how the products are underpinned by generally accepted ethical principles. If Sharia-compliant products are no longer seen as exotic or niche products, the industry could benefit from economies of scale which would help to sustain it over the longer-term. 2 (Ainley, Mashayekhi, Hicks, Rahman, Ravalia, 2007) France During the third quarter of 2008, French finance minister Christine Lagarde announced plans for the country to become a large Islamic finance player in Europe. During the first quarter of this year, initial law changes have been passed and France is ready to take Islamic finance a step further. Due to historic ties with northwest Africa and the size of the Muslim population in France, it can tap the French speaking market. Most of the major French banks such as Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale and BNP Paribas are already offering Islamic financial services, although this is primarily undertaken from their branches in the Middle East.1 (Schoon, 2009) The Netherlands During the second half of 2007, finance minister Wouter Bos announced that the country would review its role in the Islamic finance industry. Since then, De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB, the central bank) has published a study on the potential regulatory issues that would have to be addressed when introducing Islamic finance in the Netherlands. More recently, a working group was established within Holland Financial Centre, a government initiative, to further promotes the opportunities the Netherlands can offer Islamic finance. To date, a limited number of Islamic finance transactions have been undertaken in the Netherlands. In addition to a limited number of retail asset management products, the majority of transactions are associated with real estate and private equity investments.1 (Schoon, 2009) Germany In 2004, the state of Saxony-Anhalt became the first western European government to issue Sukuk. Although there does not appear to be any interest from German politicians, many German banks such as Deutsche Bank, Dresdner and WestLB offer Islamic financial services as part of their product offering. Islamic financial services from German banks are typically offered from their branches in London or the Middle East. At an estimated five million, Germanys Muslim population is more than double that of the UK.1 (Schoon, 2009) Other European Countries Luxembourg, in their capacity of a centre for fund management, already manages in excess of 30 Shariaa complaint funds (according to the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF), the Luxembourg financial supervisory authority, as of September 2008, 31 Shariaa compliant investment funds are held in 17 Luxembourg domiciled investment vehicles). Throughout Europe large internationally operating banks generally offer Islamic financial services, although no other governments have so far announced any plans to review and where required amend their regulatory, legal or tax framework.1 (Schoon, 2009) The development of various Islamic institutions in the US and Canada Canada Islamic Finance in Canada Toronto is ideally placed to become an Islamic financial hub. The roots of Islamic finance in North America also trace back to Toronto, where in 1979, the Islamic Co-operative Housing Corporation Ltd. was registered. My uncle, Naseem Buttar, was one of the founding members of this community initiative, which was the only available solution for financing hundreds of homes for over 25 years relying on limited community investment funds. These funds were reinvested into structure a home financing partnership based on a rent-to-own model. Over the years, a few more co-operatives have come to the market. UM Financial was incorporated in 2004 and to date has partnered with five Canadian financial institutions in structuring and distributing pioneering Islamic retail financial products such as bank accounts, term deposits, investments, credit cards and mortgages to Canadas 1 million-strong Muslim community. Recently, UM presented Central 1 Credit Union a milestone award for its close to $ 100 million funding to UM, which has yielded a $10 million profit for Central 1 over the last four years. 3 (Kalair, 2009) Islamic financial products are similar to halal food products, kosher food products or organic products in that all have a certification board and higher costs due to the absence of economies of scale. The goal of the Canadian Islamic financial industry is to bring products at par in pricing to the retail market, as is being done in the US and the UK. 3 (Kalair, 2009) Islamic Finance and Social Justice Before the advent of Islam, traders could be taken as slaves if they defaulted on interest loans. To protect individuals, Islamic contracts were adopted to include provisions which eliminated such practices. These were introduced under the following structures: musharaka (partnership),Ãâà mudaraba (capital/labour joint venture), ijara (leasing), murabaha (disclosed cost plus sale), sukuk (specified securitized assets, services, and usufructs), takaful (co-operative insurance), etc. Today in Canada, it is a criminal act to charge more than 60% interest; in Islam 1,400 years ago, a transaction with any interest at all was forbidden. 3 (Kalair, 2009) Evolution of the Industry As other Western countries with Muslim minority populations have allowed dedicated Islamic banks, the same will happen in Canada in due course. Most Western countries, including the UK, saw Islamic banks established after a decade of Islamic products had appeared in the marketplace. At present in Canada, there are few products besides the UM Financial product line. We foresee more Islamic opportunities opening in the next few years, which would then create a tangible market for a dedicated Islamic bank.3 (Kalair, 2009) In our estimation, more than $10 million of seed investment has been spent on Islamic bank applications and shell companies trying to enter the Islamic finance market. These applications have helped to educate federal and provincial regulators and law firms and consulting firms that were involved and have created awareness of the international growth in the industry.3 (Kalair, 2009) Unfortunately, some regulators and investors who invested in some of these shel l companies have a very negative image of the industry due to some companies soliciting investors and clients without the proper approvals or investors not being able to receive information on their investments. Within the community, initiatives that are purely profit-driven have failed such as the RBC linked Islamic investment notes and Dynamic Mutual Fund Islamic mutual fund. Community based institutional initiatives, such as co-ops and UM Financial (which has close to 10 years ofÃâà direct community activism) have had a more successful history.3 (Kalair, 2009) As the industry develops, so does the need for standardization, which the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) is working on providing. AAOIFI recently launched a Product Certification Program for its membership. UM is the only Canadian member of AAOIFI and has offered its Product Certification program toÃâà Canadian institutions.3 (Kalair, 2009) In Toronto, the Fi rst Fiqh (jurisprudence) Conference of North America was held in May, where a resolution was passed that states, The participant panel of scholars agreed that interest based loans and all forms of insurance are prohibited in Islam. In some isolated cases, insurance and interest based loans may be permissible in a situation of dire need or necessity and or a life and death situation. For the clarification of whether ones situation meets dire necessity, one is to seek clarification from reliable qualified Muslim scholars of Shariah (Islamic jurisprudence). The panel also encourages Muslims to establish and utilize alternative Islamic models of finance and takaful (Islamic insurance).3 (Kalair, 2009) In June, to further educate the Toronto community in this fast-growing discipline, the Islamic Foundation of Toronto hosted a youth conference at Torontos largest mosque that featured a three-day retreat on Islamic finance.3 (Kalair, 2009) Sovereign Sukuk from Toronto With Canada being a destination of investment from many countries, there have been governmental discussions to look at the feasibility of offering a sovereign sukuk in the near future. Having a sovereign sukuk in Canada would open the doors for many more structured sukuk, such as corporate sukuk, which could further enhance Torontos role as a hub for Islamic finance in North America. Toronto is well-placed to duplicate London in becoming a hub for Islamic finance in North America. With the recent launch of the SP TSX 60 Shariah Index and discussions at many government levels, we see the market maturing rapidly. At this stage, the private sector, which is represented by the TFSA, is in the best position to lead this direction and introduce the benefits of Islamic finance.3 (Kalair, 2009) USA Today, the United States is home to at least nineteen providers of Islamic banking products and services, including retail banks, investment banks, mortgage companies, investment advisors and community-based finance providers. With the estimated number of Muslims living in the country ranging from three to eight million (based on various private surveys) it now appears that real market demand and viability for offering Islamic banking products and services in the US either exists or is being developed and penetrated by these early-to-market providers.4 (Shayesteh, 2009) Challenges in the Adoption of Islamic Finance in the West Many countries in the West are optimistic in the establishment of Islamic Banking and Financial institutions in their country. The laws, although a contributing obstacle, can be overcome through further product development of sharia compliant product. Germany, U.S. and France are cases depicting the challenges that will be met with the establishment of Islamic Banking. The German Case: According to Engels, there is a significant population of Muslims in Germany and a substantial amount of investment interactions with the Muslim world. With that in mind, Germany may be interested in establishing Islamic Banks within the country. The BaFinà [1]à have had talks over the last 15 years with Islamic banking representatives from the Muslim community in Germany as well as from foreign Islamic banks looking to establish in the country. However, there has been no real action in its development and establishment. This could be attributed to the following reasons. First, the BaFin is skeptical of the Islamic banking models commercial viability as it will be catering to 2 million Muslims (p.179). Second, Islamic banking methods conflict with German Banking Act. Third, in accordance with German Banking Act, the principal of an investment must be insured. As, the basis of Islamic banks is profit and loss sharing as per the pre-determined ratio in structures such as murabaha, this may cause some form of conflict with the banking laws of the nation. Finally, Islamic banks differ in the method of reporting and monitoring of its operations from the European standard. The risk and financial standing must be identified clearly in its reports to be clearly evaluated. Despite these concerns, there areas in which Islamic financial services can flourish (Engels, 2010). According to the German banking law, in accordance with the German Banking Act KWG, there are nine types of services in which a business can entitle itself a credit institutionà [2]à . The following ar e the nine banking activities: Deposit business Credit business Securities business Safe-custody business Investment fund business Revolving credit business Guarantee business Giro business (Engels,2010, p.181) According to Engel, Islamic financial institutions, taking into account the restrictions placed on it by the German Banking Laws, could participate in the offering of at least 5 out of the nine the services stated above that will term it as a credit institution. Five of which are, deposits, credit, securities, safe-custody and Giro business (Engels, 2010 ,p.181) . Deposit business: In Islamic financial services, there are multiple forms of deposits as listed below: Current Deposits Wadiah and Qard Savings Deposits-Wadiah and Mudaraba Investment Deposits-Mudaraba According to the KWG 1, a deposit business means the receipt of monies from others as deposits irrespective of the payment of interest. In addition, it has viewed these deposits made to the bank as a loan in which the full amount must be paid back to the lender, in this case the customer of the bank (Engels, 2010). Based on these restrictions, Islamic financial institutions can provide current deposit services and savings deposit services in the form of wadiah , qard hassan and mudaraba deposits. As the principle amount is guaranteed whenever the customer wishes to withdraw the principle. However, Sharia compliant investment deposits will not be acceptable under the German law as there is in no guarantee on the return on the full principle. The losses incurred are shared by the bank and the customer at a predetermined ratio. Credit Business: According to the German Banking Law defines the credit business as the granting of money loans and acceptance of credits.à [3]à Under these guidelines, Islamic banking institutions can provide loans as the law does not specify the mandatory inclusion of interest rate. In accordance with the BaFin, an exchange of a cheque for cash is considered a credit business. This service is provided by the bank at a set administrative fee. Islamic institution could provide this as a part of their services. Furthermore, Islamic institutions can participate in the provision of promissory notes as they can also charge a fixed administrative fee in return for the service. The challenge lies in the ability to provide this service as the liquidity of Islamic banks are limited. In addition, if we look at it from a broader view point, the EC Directive has included the following services under the same definition mor tgage loans, factoring with or without recourse and trade financing, of which , are not permissible. However, murabaha and musharaka structures may be taken into consideration to categorize it under the EC Directives definition of lending (Engels, 2010, pp.183-184). Other Acceptable activities: Islamic banking and financing institutions can participate in the sale and purchase of securities for their clients as long as it is riba free. They can also participate in the managing of securities for their clients. Finally, they can participate in Giro business, the administration of deposit funds for customers , with the provision of services such as , transferring amounts and the provision of clearances for a set administrative fee((Engels,2010,p.181). Overall, the restrictions stated by the German Banking Act are not obstacles that cannot be overcome. However, the issue arises when wanting to adapt Islamic banking in the EU. It may be compliant in Germany however; in order to be compliant in Germany it must also be compliant in the EU. The move towards uniformity may act as an additional obstacle in the face of establishment. The US constitution and Islamic banking and finance controversy: The basis of the Western banking models foundation lies in practices that defy the Muslims basis of acceptable financial banking activities. Gimigliano argues, the First Amendment of the US constitutionà [4]à may partake in the assimilation of the Islamic banking and finance model into the US economy as an official domestic bank. There has been a move towards the establishment of Islamic domestic banks in the US. According to Thomas Baxter, General Council and Executive Vice President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, for the following reasons: (a) the growing Muslim population on US Territory, able to influence the West in market economies;(b) an increasing awareness of socially responsible finance, after the Enron scandal;(c) the free exercise of religion clauseÃÆ'à ¢Ã ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬Ãâà ¦law makers will need to ascertain whether some practices can be changed to accommodate Muslims who try to practice their religion freely. (Gimigliano, p.149, 2010) Based on the above, The First Amendment is divided into two parts, the free exercise and the establishment clause (p.149). The first clause protects the individual freedom to practice their religion of choice, which enforces the need in the establishment of Muslim friendly banking institutions. However, the second clause, deals with the governments actions, and its incorporation, with this respect makes it controversial, together with this point in the constitution, separation of church and state,and the neutrality theory may act as a legal and ideological obstacle in the face of its integration and acceptance(Gimigliano, p.159, 2010). According the Gimigilano, the strict separation of government and religion restricts any form of government participation even if it is in the form of assistance, including the fire, police and public health services.It would be in violation of the separation clause. In this affect, may prevent the safeguard of freedom of practice (Gimigliano, p.150, 2010). In addition, based on the clause of neutrality, government cannot be involved in the monitoring of the activities because it will tie government with an institution tied to religious foundations. In this case, brings up the question who is the reasonable observer? It has been suggested that an educated individual can be appointed as an observer of Islamic banking activities. However, he only reasonable observer that can regulate the activities of an Islamic bank is Sharia scholars (Gimigliano, p.151, 2010). . The US constitution is the driving force towards the accommodation of faith. However, it is the preference of the US law to maintain secularism in the countrys economic activities. In the face of authorization and the limits of US jurisdiction, the establishment of an Islamic bank still has many obstacles before it can attain authorization (Gimigliano, 2010). The French and the provision of Islamic banking: Similarly, according to Arnaud, the French too are encouraging the opening of Islamic Banking in France as it will cater to the Muslim population, as well as, to the well off GCC nationals seeking ethically responsible banking institutions. At this point, acceptance has been very flexible. To gain authorization and licensing to operate in France it must comply with the basic standard that is applied to all banking institutions by the CECEIà [5]à . In fact, it has been quite accepting of foreign banking institutions opening in France. Banks originating from Muslin count ries have been present in France for over three decades. For example, six Lebanese banks, four Iranian banks, two Pakistani, two Qatari banks, an Egyptian bank, a bank originating from Abu Dhabi, a Kuwaiti bank and a Jordanian bank have established themselves in France. However, despite Frances openness towards the establishment of an Islamic Bank in France, there has been no approach by the already present Middle Eastern banks to provide Sharia compliant services, nor has the CECEI been approached to formally authorize the establishment of an Islamic Bank. This brings up another underlying concern. As there has been no outspoken demand for an Islamic bank, CECEI are unsure of the actual demand for an Islamic bank. Notably, if an Islamic Bank establishes itself in France, it must prove itself a viable banking and financing institution. First, as per the CECEI rules, it must have qualified bank mangers running the operations. As it would be a new concept in France, the ability to find experienced figures locally will be difficult. It would have to bring expertise from abroad. In addition, these individuals too will have to be knowledgeable in French law to insure the Banks activities are compliant to the local law let alone the sharia law (Arnaud, 2010). In terms of product development, it must comply with Frances customer security close without inhibiting the ease in the operation of the bank. Its main concern is money laundering and terrorism. The Islamic banking institutions must have systems in place, approved by the CECEI, which will inhibit fraud and the misuse of funds. As the banking systems in France are based on the Western conventional model, mechanisms for the regulation of funds may need to be developed to suite the models of sharia compliant banks (Arnaud, 2010). In addition, there must be internal systems to monitor the day to day operations of the bank. The products provided to the customers must be compliant with French law. As this product requires special oversight by sharia scholars, to insure they are compliant with the Islamic guidelines, it is noteworthy to mention that the shariah committee must be limited to that of vetting and certifying products and should not extend beyond this to interfere with the banks governance and internal operating modes.This could be related to the similarity between the US and French constitution. France, like the US is secular in nature. The accommodation of an institution thats foundations are based on Islamic principles is contrary to its constitutional foundations. Religious representation of a faith may be frowned upon by strict secularists (Arnaud, 2010, p.170). Moreover,the Islamic banks must be able to convert Islamic financial products into a mode understandable in the conventional accounting system. This is to insure that the risk factor and the required liquidity of the bank to sustain these products is clearly apparent by overseers (Arnaud, 2010). Furtherm ore, the Sharia scholars must play the role of auditors in the day to day running of the institutions. The challenge arises with regards to the capacity and knowledge of these scholars to effectively insure the quality of the service provided (Arnaud, 2010). In regards to issues related to retail Islamic products, there are a few issues that arise due to the French laws lacking in areas that relate to qard, mudaraba and ijara. First, the French law does not have an accounting infrastructure to support loans given as advances to the bank from a customer. In this case, the customers rights are not fully protected by law. Therefore, the French law must be updated to insure that the customer is insured a deposit guarantee fund for deposits in the form of wadiah , qard hasan and mudraba in savings deposits. Second, in relation to the first point, deposits for the purpose of investment, mudarba, can no longer be defined as deposit funds as they cannot fall under the qualified to be lab eled under the deposit guarantee fund.Finally, the ijara contracts for home financing must be compliant with the French consumer protection codes (Arnaud, 2010, p.172). Islamic banking institution will not receive any exceptions ender the French law in keeping with its non-discriminatory clause. The products must be sustainable and adequately structured to the specification of the law. Furthermore, these guidelines is not a hindrance to its development but, an insurance to future customers that their rights are fully protected. In that regard, Sharia compliant banking institutions have a chance to grow in France as the foundations of its operations are based on ethical practices that insure the equity and controlled risk. The intricately weaved infrastructure of Islamic Finance (IF) has shown a definitive growth in recent years and, IF has been highlighted in global trade as a means of integrating Western and Eastern banking practices for a more optimal trade regimen. Namely, laws in Western regions including Europe and North America have shown an ability to accommodate IF guidelines, despite a perceived public ethos of resistance to Islamic ideals. What should be done by scholars or practitioners to help promote Islamic Finance in the West New Products and Structures Strong research and input from the scholars will give base to the upcoming trend towards Islamic Finance. According to an article by Lawrene White, Euromoney Feb 2009, Outstanding contribution to Islamic Finance: Zeti Akhtar Aziz who is the governor at Bank Negara Malaysia and one of the most prominent advocates. She has help built a portfolio of more than 40 products under the umbrella of Islamic Finance, which include takaful, sukuk bonds which are the key stones in promoting Islamic finance. Sukuk bonds have had a strong response by the consumers, however the market is flooded with mostly short term Sukuk, a strong focus on long term twenty and thirty year sukuk will be an important milestone in upgrading the sukuk market and compete with the Treasury Notes and bills in the west. In order to create mainstream products and inject them into the market, with strong focus and inflow of financial capital from the European market we can see how the ne ed for Islamic Financial instruments will lead to creation of different investment vehicles to meet the requirement. As some of the products do have the shariah compliance issue, which non-conforming products like derivatives, forwards, and other similar vehicles have no room in the Islamic context, synthetically created solutions could solve the issue. However, as the products get more complex by synthetic creation it would deter the interest of investors and the outlook might not be as expected. The Global Financial Crisis and the Market Forces In another article according to Aubrey Joachim, Beyond Conventional Finance, the lifestyle in the west of spending more than their earning has not only contributed to the growth but also their failure during the subprime crisis. Since under shariah interest is forbidden and profit is only acceptable under strict guidelines, the financial statements would need adjustments to report under the shariah compliant form. All transactions str ucture under Islamic finance needs to be approved by the scholar and receive a fatwa to be qualified. The CIMA is the first professional Chartered Accountancy body to offer a global qualification in Islamic Finance. A trend towards acceptance of Islamic finance can be seen in the future however proper marketing and alternative products to support the needs of conventional banking clients must fuel it. In an article by Rory J Clark, Islamic banking: An asset of promise? Islamic banking is showing promise to the current economic climate as it draws attention from all over the world and the lessons are clearly to be learnt. It is not just a safe refuge from the global financial crisis, but it also seen as broadly equitable and fair compared with the hitherto rather cutthroat western model. Islamic finance is also one of the most importance source of liquidity for cash trapped governments and companies in the west. Almost non-existent 30 years ago, it has now become a trillion dollar industry, and has help up well in the crisis. The failure of financial markets in OECD should look at other models like Islamic Finance. The strong demand by non Muslim Islamic finance customers which in some cases constitute around half of the customers had made governments like the UK to implement regulatory standards for the Islamic financial products overlooked by Financial Services Authority. According to Dominic ONeil, Euromeoney, a recent heading in the Washington Post caught attention of the readers Steady in shaky times, the Islamic finance sector was gaining confidence however three months fast forward Islamic finance faces the crunch test. The sukuk issuance had fallen dramatically; this was mainly caused by opposing arguments amongst with what are Shariah compliant sukuks. Promoting Islamic finance also requires some form of agreement amongst scholars and disagreement creates a sense of instability in an industry, which is still in the growth phase. The Islamic Finance system focuses on asset-based structure and one can only promise what he owns and declares interest (riba) as forbidden in any possible sense, contradicting the structure and attitude towards money in the west. The transactions and deals tied up to actual economic activity and service. As mentioned in the same article by Dominic Oniel Steady in Shaky times, Islamic Banks have grown 15% since their modern inception in the 1970s fueled by the oil boom in the decade, but continues to grown due to its recent advancement in financial instruments, sound principals and methodology to make every transaction sharia compliant. In the United States, Islamic finance sparked interest when the Dow Jones Islamic Index was introduced in 1999 which constituted sharia compliant companies, however the momentum slowed down during the Sep 11, 2001 attacks. After a few years the market picked again and in 2004 Germany bought a 100 Million Euro Sovereign Islamic bond sukuk, the market had grow n to a 90 Billion sukuk since 2004 doubling every year. However, in 2008 the market fell 50% when the Bahrain based group of scholars stated that most bonds werent sharia compliant. The market forces have come into play a lot of times, due to the hard facts or fatwas, what really is sharia compliant and what is not. The Regulatory Framework The two major authorities forming the basis for the regulatory framework is the IFSB (Islamic Financial Service Board) and IIFM (International Islamic Financial Market). IFSB currently has 150 members as of January 2008 including 37 Regulatory bodies like IMF, World Bank, Islamic Development bank and other key players in the market. IFSB issue guiding principles and supervises the review process creating transparency and market disciple. IIFM, which is based in Saudi Arabia, was formed with a collaboration of different countries, which include Bahrain, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Sudan and the Islamic Development Bank. The main purpo se of this organization is to develop, establish, self-regulation, and promotion of Islamic finance and money markets. These organizations will set the pace towards acceptance of Islamic finance in the global market, but Islamic finance should be promoted through its sounds principals and not tagged with Islamic as the key focus to promote Islamic Finance. Islamic finance should be promoted as an equal alternative to conventional finance in the future. Scholars and practitioners will play a key role in developing alternatives and sound solutions to match and compete with conventional banking. Their role in these international institutions and regulatory bodies will fuel the success of Islamic principals and finance in the west. Conclusion In 2009, after the onset of a global crash in economic management, the world of IF reached a landmark in success. By year-end of 2009, the steadily growing sector saw a cumulative total sukuk issuance reaching $100 billion. In 2009, assets of the top 500 Islamic banks grew by 28.6 per cent to $822bn, up from $639bn in 2008. Many Islamic financial institutions appear to have been insulated from the global financial crisis, largely due to the Islamic finance principles that prohibit interest. Consequently, Islamic finance institutions refrained from investing in structured products that played a significant role in the downfall of major global financial institutions, described Zawya, Middle east. The lowest relative yields on Islamic bonds in more than two years may encourage issuers to tap the marketÃâà after a 15 percent drop in new sales in 2010, helping revive interest among investors. Market players worldwide are showing a rise in interest in the long term sustainabil ity of IF, as described by the latest publication of Global Islamic Finance Journal: Albaraka Banking plans to sell as much as $500 million of sukuk after delaying in 2010, Adnan Ahmed Yousif, the chief executive officer, said in a telephone interview on Jan. 5 from Manama. Albaraka Turk Katilim Bankasi may offer at least $100 million of notes, Chief Executive Officer Fahrettin Yahsi said. French companies, the central bank of the Palestinian territories and Thailand have also announced plansÃâà to borrow through Islamic debt this year. Global sales of Islamic bonds, which pay returns based on asset flows, fell to $17.1 billion in 2010, from $20.2 billion a year earlier, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Issuance reached a record $31 billion in 2007. Dubai World, one of Dubais three main state-owned holding companies, received approval from its creditors in October to change terms on $24.9 billion of loans. Nakheel PJSC, a property unit of Dubai World, is seeking to delay payments on at least $10 billion of loans and bills. The company is looking to gain clearance from creditors holding 95 percent of the debt by the end of March, according to an statement on Jan. 2. In summation, the prospects for considering IF systems are being enhanced in Islamic regions and expanding in the western world, supported by scholars and financial leaders globally. The issue of comparative sustainability is showing favor towards IF and it is possible that the foundations and principles of IF, will be received with praise by those who previously dismissed this as a religious practice rather than a system of merit. Methodology Research strategy: A broad-spectrum research was conducted on the topic of Islamic Finance. It was deemed necessary that we establish a foundation of understanding prior to pursuing the topic of interest, Outlook of Islamic Banking in the West. A full research was conducted on the library databases, including Proquest, Lexis nexis and Jstor. In order to ensure that relevant references were not missed, the search terms used were general in nature such as , Islamic finance, Islamic finance in the West, Islamic finance in Europe, Islamic finance in North America, Promoting Islamic Finance, and Scholars Islamic Finance. In addition, a comprehensive search was made on the books available at the university library, scholarly articles from the World Wide Web, videos and articles from newspapers and magazines. Selection Criteria: The references were selected based on its relevance and date of publication. We attempted to limit our references to articles post 2000. Descripti on study: The bulk of the paper consists of a comparative study of different institutions in the West. It encompasses the means in which Islamic banking was established, developed and the challenges faced. In addition, we took into consideration the ideological obstacles that are being faced with the popularization of Islamic finance. We also sought to investigate how Islamic finance has been promoted as of late by reviewing the work of the scholars around the globe. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-26010932014943333882020-05-06T19:08:00.001-07:002020-05-06T19:08:32.419-07:00Essay on The Unconstitutionality of Capital Punishment The Unconstitutionality of Capital Punishment Capital punishment is one of the most popularly debated topics in the nation today. Since colonial times, more than 13,000 people have been legally executed. A large percentage of these executions occurred during the early 1900s. In the 1930s, as many as 150 people were being legally executed every year. However, the number of executions started to decrease as public outrage became apparent. In 1996, thirty-seven states, including New Jersey, legalized the death penalty. Of the other thirteen states, Michigan abolished the death penalty in 1847, Minnesota in 1853, and Alaska and Hawaii never had the death penalty. Today, there are over 2,000 people on death row. Almost all are veryâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Furthermore, the states that establish death penalty laws do not reap any significant benefits in reducing crime or murder rates. Research shows that a large percentage of the murderers do what they do because of passion, malevolence, and/or because they are under the influenc e of alcohol or drugs(Bedau 170). This demonstrates the fact that the murderer gives little thought to the consequences he/she might have to face later on for the crime. A second criminal profile includes those who plan their crimes beforehand, such as professional executioners. According to Bedau, murderers are not influenced by the death penalty as a punishment, since they carefully plan their murders thinking that they will not get caught (171). Therefore, they do not think about the consequences they will face if they are captured. Another argument made by death penalty supporters is that the death penalty will eliminate the chances of a criminal committing a second crime. Certainty, the death penalty will completely destroy the chances of a criminal committing another crime. However, it also destroys the chances of rehabilitating criminals by ending their lives. The purpose of capital punishment is an attempt to decrease and prevent crime. But how will committing another crime help? The death penalty is only another form of murder. As previously stated, the death penalty is supposed to act as a deterrence to crime, but manyShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words à |à 5 PagesObjective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be used for retribution are alsoRead MoreThe Death Penalty : Costly, Counterproductive, And Corrupting1678 Words à |à 7 Pagescrime: costly, counterproductive and corrupting; 35 Santa Clara Law Review 1211 (1995) Summary paragraph: In Stephen Brightââ¬â¢s article, ââ¬Å"The Death Penalty as the Answer to Crime: Costly, Counterproductive, and Corruptingâ⬠Bright asserts that capital punishment does not work because it is racially biased, the quality of the lawyers and attorneys supplied by the state to poor defendants is unfair, and that the law system currently in place does not accomplish its true goals. Bright defends his claimRead MoreWhy Should We Abolish Capital Punishment. 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Although it is often argued that Capital punishment is appropri ate when the crime reaches an egregious extent, the revocation of constitutional securitiesRead MoreThe Abolition Of The Death Penalty1552 Words à |à 7 Pageswounded. The death penalty is used as a form of punishment in the eastern hemisphere for many crimes, such as espionage, terrorism, and first-degree murder. China holds the record for the largest amount of executions; the number remains largely disputed as death penalties are considered ââ¬Å"state secret.â⬠In some Middle Eastern countries crimes such as rape, adultery and theft also carry a death sentence. Canada is no stranger to capital punishments either. The first recorded death penalty in CanadaRead MorePro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words à |à 6 Pagesdidnââ¬â¢t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executed for the wickedest of crimes. We would all like to think moreRead MoreEssay about The Case Against the Death Penalty1449 Words à |à 6 Pagesafford good legal counsel, and were appointed attorneys that were ââ¬Å"inexperienced and had below appropriate professional standardsâ⬠(Hessick 1069), which sealed the fate of those literally fighting for their lives, on the day of sentencing. Capital punishment is unconstitutional, and violates human rights; a point of view rarely seen when debating the topic. Everyone talks about deterrence, everyone talks about justice for the victim, but no one seems to remember that even though the person responsibleRead MorePlea Bargaining : An Effective Tool1684 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe best interests of prosecutors, defense attorneys, and the accused. For example, a report published by the U.S. Justice Department in 2007 asserts, plea bargaining ensures prosecutors secure a conviction and defense attorneys reduce the maximum punishment for their client. Additionally, plea-bargaining gives the accused more freedom regarding how to proceed with their criminal charge. The ability to choose between a plea and a jury trial allows the defendant some control over their sentence and involvementRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Penalty For All Crimes1939 Words à |à 8 PagesCapital punishment has been occurring since the earliest of the a ges and has been performed numerous times around the globe by all differently opinionated people. Last year only, 256 citizens have been executed by the hand of law and only more to be uncovered. Capital punishment was part of culture in Babylon where it coded the penalty for exactly twenty-five crimes, Athens where death was suitable for all crimes, and Rome. Since the olden ages, humans are still holding crimes against other peopleRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment Essay1780 Words à |à 8 Pagesdeath penalty also known as capital punishment is a government issued practice by the state where person is put to death as a result of their crime(s). Before a person gets executed they have to carry out a sentences which can sometimes take decades. A person would have to commit a crime classified as a ââ¬Å"capital crimeâ⬠in order to be given the death penalty. There are 41 capital offenses listed under the U.S. federal government which are punishable by death (41 Federal Capital Offenses). Nonetheless, Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-33753884988211440112020-05-06T00:42:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:42:08.211-07:00ERP System Implementation Large Enterprise ââ¬Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The ERP System Implementation Large Enterprise? Answer: Introduction Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a cross-functional technology strategy that supports all the activities of a business. It is the most important component of the IT strategy and therefore should be well implemented to integrate all facets of an operation such as marketing and sales, manufacturing, product planning and development, service delivery, inventory and materials management, finance and human resource. ERP continuously updates the core business processes by use of common databases maintained by a database management system. Through the use of ERP, the business can use a system of integrated applications to standardize and automate its back office and client-based functions and activities related to technology thus increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations. This is because everyone uses the same data thus reducing confusion and mix-up when carrying out the organizations various activities (Tarhini et al, 2015). During ERP installation, the project man ager must ensure that the software is customized and takes into account variation in business requirements, processes and technologies, in addition to supporting the companys strategy and plan of action. ERP Expansion over the years ERP was established to outspread the capabilities of Material Requirements Planning (MRP) or Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) and Computer Integrated Manufacturing. ERP systems experienced a rapid growth in the 1990s where many companies decided to use them to replace their old legal systems as a result of disruption of the latter by euro introduction and the year 2000 problem. Initially, it was meant to automate back office functions such as management in order to avoid direct contact with customers and the public in general which could probably have affected the business negatively. Currently, developers are making an effort to incorporate ERP in mobile phones along with other business applications. The modern ERP contains networking, hardware and even supply chains integration. It has a wider range of functions and roles which include decision making, globalization, standardization and stakeholder relationship building. Characteristics of ERP Systems It is a common database that supports all the enterprise applications It provides real-time access for all employees and stakeholders It is an integrated system Its installation is usually a mammoth task It has a consistent reflection across all modules Importance of Enterprise Resource Planning ERP facilitates the flow of information in all the functions of the business. It also manages information flow to the external world, for example to shareholders ERP saves time and business expenditure as a result of integration of business processes It makes decision-making easier, faster and more accurate Enhanced data accessibility as ERP maintains a chronological history of all transactions Enhances revenue tracking for the organization thus it can determine whether it is making profits or losses It enables sales forecasting which brings about stock optimization for business operations It makes it possible to track orders and therefore make genuine sales ERP makes allowance for legitimacy and transparency in business activities Protection of the organizations sensitive data It provides an opportunity for increased teamwork among the employees as it displays a collaborative platform that enables them to focus on content. Disadvantages Customization of the organizations needs may be difficult. ERP usually meets the common requirements of the business which may then be forced to come up with other means of meeting its unique demands. Installation of ERP software may be expensive offsetting the business competitive advantage and revenue capability. It increases the expenses of the company due to maintenance and constant upgrading. There is also need to train the employees on the usage of the new technology A lot of time is spent while trying to harmonize the ERP with the organizations systems and technologies (Galliers et al, 2014). Enterprise Resource Planning Modules A module, in software, is a part of a program or programs that is independently created and linked to form the latter. Basically, ERP consists of several enterprise software modules individually purchased or developed in accordance with the organizations specific technical requirements. Each module is focused on a particular core business process such as product planning. The common ERP modules include: Customer Relationship Management (CRM): this aids in boosting sales by establishment of strong customer relationship to make them feel highly valued. This module contains the particulars of the clients in a chronological manner bringing about easy management. It can be integrated with the sales module to create future opportunities for the organization (Holmberg, N., Johansson, B., 2017). Production: this module takes care of product availability in the organization. It includes activities such as product planning, direct and indirect raw material usage, reporting of the production status, production forecasting and the actual production. Sales and Marketing: this entails information on product promotion with the aim of increasing sales, maintaining existing customers and expanding the market. The sales module keeps records of all sales transactions such as accepting orders, handling sales queries and tracking pending orders. Supply Chain Management (SCM): this involves demand and supply of products to and from the manufacturers, that is, the supply of raw materials and demand for finished goods by wholesalers and traders. The data found in this module include shipment tracking and sales returns. Human Resource: this module deals with the organizations employee records such as the payroll system and personal details. It may also include particular employee expenses and allowances. Accounting and Finance: contains all the financial details of an organization including ledgers, balance sheet, receivables and payables, budgeting, tax information, activity-based costing, cash management and details of the available fixed assets. Inventory module: it is used to keep track of individual items in the organization to find out their location and usage rates. The functionalities of this module include inventory reporting and stock utilization. Purchases: it has all data relating to procurement of items required by the company such as vendor listing, recording received and sent quotations and preparing purchase orders. This module is combined with the inventory and the engineering/production modules for constant updating of stock. Government Resource Planning (GRP) This is an integrated office system for government bodies, that is, it is the ERP for the public sector. The differences in ERP software between the private and the public sector are culture. This is because unlike the private sector, government agencies are mainly concerned with offering services to the countrys citizens. The private sector usually prioritizes on organizational expansion, achievement of set objectives and profit maximization. Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Installation Plant floor communications are the control and facts interactions found in automation surroundings of manufacturing and processing plants. Manufacturing uses discrete control while processing uses continuous control. Many plants, however contain a hybrid of both since the auditing systems are often a combination of multi-vendor products to create a single system (Costa et al, 2016) Connectivity takes place in a variety of ways for both real-time and transaction data. Direct Integration: this is whereby ERP systems already have communications with the plant floor equipment as a part of the after-sale service from the vendor. This therefore requires the vendor or suppliers of the systems to be experts on the products with which they are dealing. Database Integration: in this case connectivity is carried out by the systems integrator. ERP software stage tables in a database onto which the plant floor systems deposit information. ERP systems vendors do not need to know the particular technicalities of their product connectivity. Enterprise Appliance Transaction Modules (EATM): these transact data with the business systems in ways considered best by the latter through their ability to communicate directly to the plant floor apparatus. The major advantage of this integration is that it offers a complete solution off the shelf while still reducing long-term operational costs and customization expenses. Custom Integrated Solutions: These are custom made and are created per order to meet site and specific system requirements. They are mostly used on workstations even if they have the highest level of initial installation and maintenance costs. The long-term upkeep costs can however be minimized via proper documentation and watchful testing of the systems. Implementation This is the process of actually putting the ERP systems into the organizations daily operations. The nature and scope of ERPs implementation demands for changes in employees and partners custom practices and activities. The three major tasks involved in the implementation process are Consulting, Customization and Support. The time used up in implementation depends on the size of the organization, customization needs, the readiness of the customer to begin use of the new system and number of modules in the company (Chugh et al, 2017). Before application, the project manager should ensure that he or she has a thorough understanding of the systems that need to be changed and why the change is necessary (Tasevska et al, 2014). In addition to minimizing the chances of project failure, analyses of the existing automation solutions also decrease the possibility of mismatch between the two systems. Generally, implementation of ERP in decentralized organizations takes a longer period of time and is costlier due to presence of various decision-making and management units which may have different development policies, procedures and regulations. Configuration: this entails trying to balance the ERP software between its nature of performance and the manner in which a specific organization requires it to operate. Customization Theoretically, ERP systems are created in industrial best practices and the developers expect the organizations to use them as such. Room for configuration is however given to give these organizations ability to gear the software towards their needs. Gaps in features often remain after this practice whereby the organization can rewrite a portion of the software, write another module that works within the software or create an interface with external sources. These activities refer to customization of the ERP software and are aimed towards reconciling the gaps in the system features. Two tier Enterprise Resource Planning This refers to ERP software that allows companies to run two different ERP systems at once one at the management level and the other at the subsidiary level. This would further increase the efficiency of workflows due to the availability of more systems that align with the organizations IT structures and improve the agility and flexibility of the business. This would, however, intensify implementation and maintenance costs. Besides, many organizations believe in the use of quicker and cheaper ERP implementations at the subsidiary level. Conclusion As observed above, Enterprise Resource Planning is an essential component of business growth due to its numerous benefits such as increasing the effectiveness of customer services and the rate at which business operations take place thus saving time and coinage. The implementation process of ERP, however, demands an enormous amount of money which small businesses may not be able to offer. Therefore, before installation of an ERP software the project managers should carry out a thorough evaluation of the entire organizations requirements to determine the need for the ERP, the number of modules that should be upgraded and the amount of finances that the business can afford to spare for the ERP enactment. References Pandya, S., Pandya, S. (2017). Improving the learning and developmental potential of SWOT analysis: introducing the LISA framework.Strategic Direction,33(3), 12-14. Gupta, G., Mishra, R. P. (2016). A SWOT analysis of reliability centered maintenance framework.Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering,22(2), 130-145. Ramkumar, M., Schoenherr, T., Jenamani, M. (2016). Risk assessment of outsourcing e-procurement services: integrating SWOT analysis with a modified ANP-based fuzzy inference system.Production Planning Control,27(14), 1171-1190. Tarhini, A., Ammar, H., Tarhini, T. (2015). Analysis of the critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation from stakeholders perspective: A systematic review.International Business Research,8(4), 25. Tasevska, F., Damij, T., Damij, N. (2014). Project planning practices based on enterprise resource planning systems in small and medium enterprisesA case study from the Republic of Macedonia.International journal of project management,32(3), 529-539. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (Eds.). (2014). Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Chugh, R., Sharma, S. C., Cabrera, A. (2017). Lessons Learned from Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementations in an Australian Company.International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS),13(3), 23-35. Costa, C. J., Ferreira, E., Bento, F., Aparicio, M. (2016). Enterprise resource planning adoption and satisfaction determinants.Computers in Human Behavior,63, 659-671. Elbardan, H., Ali, M., Ghoneim, A. (2016). Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Introduction and Internal Auditing Legitimacy: An Institutional Analysis.Information Systems Management,33(3), 231-247. Holmberg, N., Johansson, B. (2017). A Service Oriented Perspective of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems.Journal of Systems Integration,8(2), 14. Acar, M. F., Tarim, M., Zaim, H., Zaim, S., Delen, D. (2017). Knowledge management and ERP: Complementary or contradictory?.International Journal of Information Management,37(6), 703-712. Ali, M., Miller, L. (2017). ERP System Implementation in Large Enterprises-A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,30(4). Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-90376049418447658432020-04-20T16:31:00.001-07:002020-04-20T16:31:04.126-07:00The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay A successful economy is perhaps the most key ingredient leading to a successful nation. An economy is a delicate balance of many different conflicting and coexisting elements. Naturally, an economys success can often be measured by the amount of wealth is contains, not to mention the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of its distribution of the wealth. Effective distribution of wealth is no easy feat. Wealthy and poor people will always need to coexist- this is an inescapable truth. The governments job in many cases becomes that of a referee. Naturally, perfect peace and harmony between to totally different classes would be a utopia, and probably will never be completely achieved. A government must, therefore, regulate economy so that one class does not overrun the other. The real struggle is over a vastly more important issue: who owes what to whom. This most hoary and basic of all social debates usually afforded reverence and inattention of great art: People know its there and mostly they ignore it(Wines238). Society will constantly debate this issue. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By very definition, however, there will also always be a wide spectrum of opinions because of social status. Naturally, the poor will always feel cheated because they feel as if opportunity never has and never will pass them by. The rich, conversely, will always feel as if they are doing society a great favor simply by having their wealth. Poor versus rich debates will never go away no matter how much change is done to government and society. The just deserts theory of poverty is one that best describes American society. For many, the logic of the mobility ideology led to a just deserts rationalization. The matter was simple, according to a local editor: We declare it a vice and a sin for a man to be poor, if he can help it. And the typical poor man in America could help it(Thernstrom33). More often than not poverty can be helped. Perhaps poverty is what is deserved for laziness in American society. America can not alleviate the defective state of society. Other nations inevitably encounter many of the very same problems and deal with them differently, establishing a wide range of economic systems. Some take on a traditional economy in which one assumes the same job as his or her parents. This system allows very little mobility and is not seen very much worldwide. Other nations chose a command economy. This entails the federal government appointing individuals with occupations and allows them to become skilled at their respective craft. The market model of economy, developed by Adam Smith entails a freely flowing economy that places little or not restriction on occupation allowing individuals utmost rights. America took on an ethos of a mixed economy of market and command that struck a successful economic equilibrium. American economy also changes with different periods of history. The Civil War had lit the spark of industrialization needed to enhance the American economy. Technology advanced by leaps and bounds and free labor was done away with to make room for Industrialization and Adam Smiths market model of capitalism. Capitalism was a promoter of the entrepreneur and individual success. It was only natural that during this time of private interest the gap between rich and poor would be greatly widened and a state of disorder might arise. Capitalism was a new ideology and drastic labor problems and social disorder arose because Americans were simply adjusting to (and taking advantage of) the new system. Although the gap between rich and poor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was unquestionably large, the nation was also prospering through large economic gains. Although it may have seemed like a nation in which the rich were detached from the poor, the US was actually harvesting a new breed of self-accomplishing individuals. With the end of free labor, the US had sought a new ideology, and found it in Adam Smiths market model. The market model was a beneficial system overall, however, many focused not on the gains that it brought but instead on the condition of the poor. The market model was indeed a gain of the time period and was met by the pursue of . The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay A successful economy is perhaps the most key ingredient leading to a successful nation. An economy is a delicate balance of many different conflicting and coexisting elements. Naturally, an economys success can often be measured by the amount of wealth is contains, not to mention the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of its distribution of the wealth. Effective distribution of wealth is no easy feat. Wealthy and poor people will always need to coexist- this is an inescapable truth. The governments job in many cases becomes that of a referee. Naturally, perfect peace and harmony between to totally different classes would be a utopia, and probably will never be completely achieved. A government must, therefore, regulate economy so that one class does not overrun the other. The real struggle is over a vastly more important issue: who owes what to whom. This most hoary and basic of all social debates usually afforded reverence and inattention of great art: People know its there and mostly they ignore it(Wines238). Society will constantly debate this issue. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By very definition, however, there will also always be a wide spectrum of opinions because of social status. Naturally, the poor will always feel cheated because they feel as if opportunity never has and never will pass them by. The rich, conversely, will always feel as if they are doing society a great favor simply by having their wealth. Poor versus rich debates will never go away no matter how much change is done to government and society. The just deserts theory of poverty is one that best describes American society. For many, the logic of the mobility ideology led to a just deserts rationalization. The matter was simple, according to a local editor: We declare it a vice and a sin for a man to be poor, if he can help it. And the typical poor man in America could help it(Thernstrom33). More often than not poverty can be helped. Perhaps poverty is what is deserved for laziness in American society. America can not alleviate the defective state of society. Other nations inevitably encounter many of the very same problems and deal with them differently, establishing a wide range of economic systems. Some take on a traditional economy in which one assumes the same job as his or her parents. This system allows very little mobility and is not seen very much worldwide. Other nations chose a command economy. This entails the federal government appointing individuals with occupations and allows them to become skilled at their respective craft. The market model of economy, developed by Adam Smith entails a freely flowing economy that places little or not restriction on occupation allowing individuals utmost rights. America took on an ethos of a mixed economy of market and command that struck a successful economic equilibrium. American economy also changes with different periods of history. The Civil War had lit the spark of industrialization needed to enhance the American economy. Technology advanced by leaps and bounds and free labor was done away with to make room for Industrialization and Adam Smiths market model of capitalism. Capitalism was a promoter of the entrepreneur and individual success. It was only natural that during this time of private interest the gap between rich and poor would be greatly widened and a state of disorder might arise. Capitalism was a new ideology and drastic labor problems and social disorder arose because Americans were simply adjusting to (and taking advantage of) the new system. Although the gap between rich and poor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was unquestionably large, the nation was also prospering through large economic gains. Although it may have seemed like a nation in which the rich were detached from the poor, the US was actually harvesting a new breed of self-accomplishing individuals. With the end of free labor, the US had sought a new ideology, and found it in Adam Smiths market model. The market model was a beneficial system overall, however, many focused not on the gains that it brought but instead on the condition of the poor. The market model was indeed a gain of the time period and was met by the pursue of individual . The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay Many people viewed businessmen of the nineteenth century as robber barons. They believed that these businessmen were so emerged into giant corporations and were so dedicated in striving for monopolistic power that their only pursuit was wealth and power in lieu of accomplishments. This entry counterbalances the idea of robber barons. John Chamberlain emphasizes the creative accomplishments of these business leaders. He explains the effects they had on the American public, while also realizing the shameful aspects of their actions. In the following essay, I will summarize Chamberlains views on Vanderbilt, Rockefeller and Carnegie, their achievements and their pursuit to deal with the American economy. The period after the Civil War resulted in a significant growth in the industrialization of the American economy. Many new faces started to emerge out into industrial enterprises. One of these new faces was Cornelius Vanderbilt. People believed that he was a man that used trickery to control properties that he wanted. When involved with something, Vanderbilt was a man who was determined to have physical and economical improvements for the company. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He began his career from his love of steamboats, but as the steamboats era came to an end Vanderbilt became involved with railroads. With his profit made from steamboats and oversea affairs, he purchased shares of the Harlem Railroad. This would later help him gain stock control of Canada Southern, Lake Shore and the Michigan Central. These first steps lead him to much fame in the economical world. He relayed the Centrals tracks from New York to Chicago with new steel rails and stronger steel bridges. He produced a more efficient type of locomotive and the traveling time was drastically shortened. Vanderbilt helped link the east and west worlds of America together. Vanderbilt may have watered the Centrals stock. But as fast as he watered it he solidified it and the worst that can be said about his is that he was a shrewd capitalizer of future earnings.(59) Chamberlain next examined John D. Rockefeller and his Standard Oil Company, the nations first big trust. Standard Oil Co. offended the nations traditional competitive ethics. People were used to small regional businesses and could not comprehend Rockefellers determination for his company to become absolutely perfect. He became involved with a small refinery run by Samuel Andrews, this first partnership lead to new partners. His company increased its profits by making its own barrels in its own cooperage plants, shipping its products in large quantities and plowed most of its profit back into the business. As time went by, Rockefellers company absorbed all but five out of a total of some 25 local refineries. Many could not resist Rockefellers decision of seizing their refinery. We will take you burdens, we will utilize your ability, we will give you representations; we will all unite together and build a substantial structure on the basis of co-operation. (63) As time passed, people began to reject Rockefellers pursuits of buying their refineries. Western Pennsylvania oil refineries banned together and several joined the Acme Oil Co., which was a rival of the Standard Oil Co. The Southern Improvement Co. was a device said to be invoked by Rockefeller. One of its purposes was to exact rebates running up to 50% of the carrying charges on all of its oil transported by the Pennsylvania, Erie, and the New York Central. Most manufacturers considered it to be quite legitimate to get discounts for bulk shipments and for a guarantee of a steady flow of business. A controversy over this issue began and the news spread. Railroads quickly respond to the problem and said that all future oil shipments would be based on equality for everyone. Rockefeller used the Southern Improvement contract to draw in Cleveland refineries into his corporation. He was able to stabilize the oil market by exterminating competition. .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .postImageUrl , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:hover , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:visited , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:active { border:0!important; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:active , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henry David Thoreau (2353 words) Essay From a monopoly angel, people have said that Rockefeller brought the industrial age of America to an incredible height. Two points have resulted from this point of view: 1st he was probably the most able competitor of the 19th century and 2nd the Standard Oil Co. was able to keep competition from returning as the 20th century approached. In 1892, the Supreme Court . The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay A successful economy is perhaps the most key ingredient leading to a successful nation. An economy is a delicate balance of many different conflicting and coexisting elements. Naturally, an economys success can often be measured by the amount of wealth is contains, not to mention the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of its distribution of the wealth. Effective distribution of wealth is no easy feat. Wealthy and poor people will always need to coexist- this is an inescapable truth. The governments job in many cases becomes that of a referee. Naturally, perfect peace and harmony between to totally different classes would be a utopia, and probably will never be completely achieved. A government must, therefore, regulate economy so that one class does not overrun the other. The real struggle is over a vastly more important issue: who owes what to whom. This most hoary and basic of all social debates usually afforded reverence and inattention of great art: People know its there and mostly they ignore it(Wines238). Society will constantly debate this issue. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By very definition, however, there will also always be a wide spectrum of opinions because of social status. Naturally, the poor will always feel cheated because they feel as if opportunity never has and never will pass them by. The rich, conversely, will always feel as if they are doing society a great favor simply by having their wealth. Poor versus rich debates will never go away no matter how much change is done to government and society. The just deserts theory of poverty is one that best describes American society. For many, the logic of the mobility ideology led to a just deserts rationalization. The matter was simple, according to a local editor: We declare it a vice and a sin for a man to be poor, if he can help it. And the typical poor man in America could help it(Thernstrom33). More often than not poverty can be helped. Perhaps poverty is what is deserved for laziness in American society. America can not alleviate the defective state of society. Other nations inevitably encounter many of the very same problems and deal with them differently, establishing a wide range of economic systems. Some take on a traditional economy in which one assumes the same job as his or her parents. This system allows very little mobility and is not seen very much worldwide. Other nations chose a command economy. This entails the federal government appointing individuals with occupations and allows them to become skilled at their respective craft. The market model of economy, developed by Adam Smith entails a freely flowing economy that places little or not restriction on occupation allowing individuals utmost rights. America took on an ethos of a mixed economy of market and command that struck a successful economic equilibrium. American economy also changes with different periods of history. The Civil War had lit the spark of industrialization needed to enhance the American economy. Technology advanced by leaps and bounds and free labor was done away with to make room for Industrialization and Adam Smiths market model of capitalism. Capitalism was a promoter of the entrepreneur and individual success. It was only natural that during this time of private interest the gap between rich and poor would be greatly widened and a state of disorder might arise. Capitalism was a new ideology and drastic labor problems and social disorder arose because Americans were simply adjusting to (and taking advantage of) the new system. Although the gap between rich and poor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was unquestionably large, the nation was also prospering through large economic gains. Although it may have seemed like a nation in which the rich were detached from the poor, the US was actually harvesting a new breed of self-accomplishing individuals. With the end of free labor, the US had sought a new ideology, and found it in Adam Smiths market model. The market model was a beneficial system overall, however, many focused not on the gains that it brought but instead on the condition of the poor. The market model was indeed a gain of the time period and was met by the pursue of individual . The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay A successful economy is perhaps the most key ingredient leading to a successful nation. An economy is a delicate balance of many different conflicting and coexisting elements. Naturally, an economys success can often be measured by the amount of wealth is contains, not to mention the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of its distribution of the wealth. Effective distribution of wealth is no easy feat. Wealthy and poor people will always need to coexist- this is an inescapable truth. The governments job in many cases becomes that of a referee. Naturally, perfect peace and harmony between to totally different classes would be a utopia, and probably will never be completely achieved. A government must, therefore, regulate economy so that one class does not overrun the other. The real struggle is over a vastly more important issue: who owes what to whom. This most hoary and basic of all social debates usually afforded reverence and inattention of great art: People know its there and mostly they ignore it(Wines238). Society will constantly debate this issue. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By very definition, however, there will also always be a wide spectrum of opinions because of social status. Naturally, the poor will always feel cheated because they feel as if opportunity never has and never will pass them by. The rich, conversely, will always feel as if they are doing society a great favor simply by having their wealth. Poor versus rich debates will never go away no matter how much change is done to government and society. The just deserts theory of poverty is one that best describes American society. For many, the logic of the mobility ideology led to a just deserts rationalization. The matter was simple, according to a local editor: We declare it a vice and a sin for a man to be poor, if he can help it. And the typical poor man in America could help it(Thernstrom33). More often than not poverty can be helped. Perhaps poverty is what is deserved for laziness in American society. America can not alleviate the defective state of society. Other nations inevitably encounter many of the very same problems and deal with them differently, establishing a wide range of economic systems. Some take on a traditional economy in which one assumes the same job as his or her parents. This system allows very little mobility and is not seen very much worldwide. Other nations chose a command economy. This entails the federal government appointing individuals with occupations and allows them to become skilled at their respective craft. The market model of economy, developed by Adam Smith entails a freely flowing economy that places little or not restriction on occupation allowing individuals utmost rights. America took on an ethos of a mixed economy of market and command that struck a successful economic equilibrium. American economy also changes with different periods of history. The Civil War had lit the spark of industrialization needed to enhance the American economy. Technology advanced by leaps and bounds and free labor was done away with to make room for Industrialization and Adam Smiths market model of capitalism. Capitalism was a promoter of the entrepreneur and individual success. It was only natural that during this time of private interest the gap between rich and poor would be greatly widened and a state of disorder might arise. Capitalism was a new ideology and drastic labor problems and social disorder arose because Americans were simply adjusting to (and taking advantage of) the new system. Although the gap between rich and poor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was unquestionably large, the nation was also prospering through large economic gains. Although it may have seemed like a nation in which the rich were detached from the poor, the US was actually harvesting a new breed of self-accomplishing individuals. With the end of free labor, the US had sought a new ideology, and found it in Adam Smiths market model. The market model was a beneficial system overall, however, many focused not on the gains that it brought but instead on the condition of the poor. The market model was indeed a gain of the time period and was met by the pursue of individual . The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay When you are young and even well into your adult years people will tell you there will always be somebody who is smarter, faster, happier, or better at something than you are. This is true for all periods of time but in The Gilded Age Essay those who were better gained more and more crushing the people below them with unprecedented greed, corruption, and power. The few exploited the many by way of opportunity. Something our nation was built on, yet the avaricious elite used it for evil methods. In the years that followed Reconstruction many issues came up including whether laissez-faire was the correct system to follow. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Because of problems like that remained unsettled for some time industrial leaders began to pop up and create overpowering monopolies. Just like what Walmart is considered today. Monopolies could lower prices to a degree at which smaller businesses could not compete. This would allow them to buy out a smaller company and lower competition. In todays world we value competition because we know it is what makes prices lower. It is what allows smaller businesses to get into the market and provide new knowledge to the same concepts. It is what allows new companies to gain momentum and have the means to develop new methods. In the gilded age freedom was valued over equality. Those who could rise would rise, crushing those they surpassed. During the Gilded Age, many industrialists were considered robber barons. They were in fact, because of the monopolies they created, the large amounts they ;stole; from the American people, and their selfish attitudes. A few of these industrialists were Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. . It was this morality and their personal business strategies that have lead historian to classify these three men as either robber barons or captains of industry. These men established large monopolies and bought out all other little businesses. This made it impossible for competition of any kind. Perhaps the most famous of these men and most definitely the richest of them is John D. Rockefeller. Rockefeller joined with smaller companies through trust agreements and mergers. Many people consider Rockefeller a tyrant who suppressed many because of his forcible ways of gaining his monopolies. Rockefeller was fond of buying out small and large competitors. If the competitors refused to sell they often found Rockefeller cutting the prices of his Standard Oil or in the worst cases, their factories mysteriously blowing up. Rockefeller was obsessed with controlling the oil market and used many of undesirable tactics to flush his competitors out of the market. Rockefeller was also a master of the rebate game. He was one of the most dominant controllers of the railroads. He was so good at the rebate that at some times he skillfully commanded the railroad to pay rebates to his standard oil company on the traffic of other competitors. He was able to do this because his oil traffic was so high that he could make or break a section of a railroad a railroad company by simply not running his oil on their lines. Another one of Rockefellers earlier mentioned but not explained tactics was his horizontally integrated monopoly. Rockefeller used this horizontal monopoly to set prices and force his competitors to merge with him. (All with Doc. J) Document J shows that Rockefeller had his tentacles, or his influence and power around every piece of the oil industry. That, also, includes the politicians and their support. Rockefeller was an intelligent man who sought for better means in order to increase productivity. .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .postImageUrl , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:hover , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:visited , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:active { border:0!important; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:active , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Early Colonies Essay He used the opportunities of the time to take advantage of a free system. One of his best characteristics was that he lowered the cost of oil across the word by his largest scale production. To see that his oil was top quality at minimum cost he also hired specialist managers, this was a revolutionary concept at the time. Rockefellers most remembered and quite possibly best feature was his fanatical relationship with efficiency. Some of the industrialists tried to justify their monopolies by saying it helped the poor. This is just like the Iron Law of wages in the sense that the industrialists were trying to . Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-6514444907754140882020-03-15T18:30:00.001-07:002020-03-15T18:30:02.936-07:00Why the Civil War Laster 4 Years essaysWhy the Civil War Laster 4 Years essays The American Civil War was a peoples war in which heroes and future leaders emerged transforming our country into a structured and disciplined nation. Fought on both sides with immeasurable courage it shall be, and is forever remembered as a test of perseverance and suffering. The civil war started and ended almost 4 years to the date with 620,000 casualties and a cost of over 6.1 billion dollars. Countless homes and farms were destroyed leaving peoples lives forever scared as they suffered throughout the war. But why did it last so long when expectations had been so low at the beginning of the war. Even before the first shots of the war were fired few believed the war would escalate to such a high and serious level as it did. There are in fact many reasons why the war waged on as long as it did. Whether it was because of the advantages the south had over the north or the north had over the south its hard to say. The advantages each one had over the other seemed to flawlessl y blend together in order to turn a 4 month skirmish into a 4 year total war. One of the first things that comes to mind when you try to think of why the war lasted so long the first one that comes first is how President Lincoln definitely had his hands tied when it came to finding the right general to fight the war. He bounced from one general to next almost faster than we could keep track of them. On the other hand the south had excellent generals defeating Lincolns every attempt to find a general to defeat the south and bring the union back together. Gen. George McClellan was wonderful at organizing an army but when it came to battle tactics and plans it was a whole different story. Lincoln said of McClellan he is an admirable engineer but he seems to have a special talent for a stationary engine. His peninsular campaign failed miserably like most everything else he did leaving Lincoln no choice but to replace him. Lin... Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-75371909853538813812020-02-28T08:56:00.001-08:002020-02-28T08:56:03.159-08:00Introduction to Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3Introduction to Psychology - Essay Example Solomon Asch: Group Pressure and Conformity Social psychologist Solomon Aschââ¬â¢s 1951 study of the impact of group pressure on decisions is noted as one of the most important and conclusive. The conduct of the study was fairly simple. Ache showed students in groups of eight to ten--all of whom except one in each group had been coached beforehand to pick the wrong answer on twelve of the eighteen cards. Each card had a group of three bar lines on the right, and one bar line. Students were asked to pick one bar from a series of three on the right that best matched the one bar on the left. Most subjects were told to deliberately give the wrong answer. Asch arranged the questioning so that most wrong answers would be given before the test subject in the group made his or her decision. The results were significant and according to Zimbardo and Gerrig (2010): ââ¬Å"50 and 80 percentâ⬠¦conformed with the false majority estimateâ⬠¦a thirdâ⬠¦yielded to the majorityââ¬â¢s wrong judgments on half or more of the critical trialsâ⬠(p. 550). ... more complex psychological elements at work which according to Zimbardo and Gerrig (2010) may indicate impulses at play beyond our simple ââ¬Å"desire ââ¬Å"to be liked, accepted and approvedâ⬠(p. 549). For instance, Asch noted that the fewer people who gave wrong answers the fewer test subjects did the same, indicating a strong mistrust element in the views of the few versus those of the majority. As might be concluded, a decided lack of independence and confidence was clear when it came to oneââ¬â¢s rational judgment over that of the pack. Considering the often incomprehensible election habits of individuals, this becomes particularly relevant in terms of electorate behavior. The 25 percent who always conformed was roughly equal to the same percentage who never conformed (Zimbardo and Gerrig, 2010) indicating a possible polar aspect to the behavior. On the positive side, it should be noted that significant change in most aspects of life come from the minority generally c onsidered non-conformers. As Zimbardo and Gerrig (2010) found, ââ¬Å"The conflict between entrenched majority view and the dissonant minority perspective is an essential precondition of innovationâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ( p. 551). As evidenced in the recent film, ââ¬Å"The Social Network,â⬠Facebook creator, Marc Zuckermanââ¬â¢s insistence on thinking independently ultimately produced a multi-billion dollar empire. For the others who conform even in the face of obvious evidence that they should not conform, there may very well be serious psychological disorders underpinning the behavior. The major disorders according to Zimbardo and Gerrig (2010) are categorized based their affect on the individual as follows: the individual experiences personal distress or dysfunction; behaves in ways that hinder goals and wellbeing or Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-83822353417624337072020-02-12T01:42:00.001-08:002020-02-12T01:42:02.150-08:00Crime Scene Investigator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsCrime Scene Investigator - Essay Example The ability to recognize and collect physical evidence properly is always invaluable in solving violent crimes as well as during prosecution. As a matter of fact, the role of a crime scene investigator is in most court cases very critical as he/she is the determining factor as to whether physical proof will be applied while prosecuting or solving violent criminal acts (Crime Scene Investigator Network, n.d). It is important to note that the investigation of a crime scene can either be straightforward or it can come with challenges, which would call for a multidisciplinary approach in order to resolve them. To start with, the investigator can get the wrong impression of the crime scene ââ¬â for instance, a crime scene that seems to be accidental fire may have been staged to conceal further crimes. Therefore, hurried conclusions may make the investigator to miss out on important clues. The investigator should therefore know that every item that catches his/her attention is importan t and he/she should document it. He/she should thus be observant and diligent following standard procedures for every kind of scene response (Fish, Miller & Braswell, 2010). On arriving at the scene of crime, a crime scene-investigator must do various things and process lots of information. To start with, he/she should start by having a brief interview meeting with the first reporting officer on the scene as well as the lead detective in order to obtain information that can assist him/her comprehend what happened, when it occurred and the order of the events that took place (Domnauer, 2007). This should happen without the investigator getting too much information that is likely to taint his/her perspective. Instead, it should be sharpened in such a way that he/she is able to take the information that he/she received previously and mesh it with that which he/she gathered at the crime scene thereby enabling him/her to come to an impartial and logical determination of the events. In ot her words, the investigator should present the court with an accurate and true crime scene representation remaining unbiased as well as objective all through the proceedings. He/she should leave it for the court to weigh the value of the evidence and determine innocence or guilt (Fish, Miller & Braswell, 2010). Crime Scene Investigator Network (n.d) further records that a crime scene investigator has no substitute for a thoughtful and careful approach, and that he/she must not jump into making immediate conclusions regarding what happened founded on limited evidence. Instead, he/she must come up with several different theories of the crime, keeping those that incoming information at the scene do not eliminate. Rational deductions regarding what happened are generated from information from witnesses as well as the scene appearance. These theories assist in guiding the investigator in documenting specific conditions and identify valuable proof. According to Ruslander (2007), a crime s cene Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-34225147771071730742020-01-31T15:10:00.001-08:002020-01-31T15:10:02.639-08:00Why Golf Is a Sport Essay Example for Free Why Golf Is a Sport Essay A matter of opinion has separated a variety of sports enthusiasts apart, due to the ongoing debate of whether golf is a sport or simply a skill. Famed golfer Arnold Palmer declared, ââ¬Å"Golf is deceptively simple and endlessly complicated; it satisfies the soul and frustrates the intellect. It is at the same time rewarding and maddening ââ¬â and it is without a doubt the greatest game mankind has ever invented. (ThinkQuest. com)â⬠These words state what every athlete experiences and feels when he/she is turning a double play, making the game winning three point shot, or throwing a hail mary pass for a touchdown. Golfers are athletes too, they train for that big moment just like any other athlete, but they do it individually and gain the glory for themselves. Golf has increasingly become known not as a sport, but as a skill, which is a huge misconception that I intend to set the facts straight. The definition of a sport is narrowly defined, and to one its own opinion, but Golf is a competition just like every other sport, winning is its pinnacle. Golf requires the number one characteristic that is vital to all sports ââ¬â hand-eye coordination. These men and women use their athletic ability to reach the top of their game. Golf takes sports to a different level and is played on its own terms. To each his own opinion, but why has the definition of ââ¬Å"a sportâ⬠being termed as so narrowly? The NCAA defines a sport as: An institutional activity involving physical exertion with the purpose of competition versus other teams or individuals within a collegiate competition structure. Furthermore, sport includes regularly scheduled team and/or individual, head-to-head competition (at least five) within a defined competitive season(s); and standardized rules with rating/scoring systems ratified by official regulatory agencies and governing bodies. Baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and even golf display these qualities of what is defined as a sport. There has been a considerable amount of people who tend to disclose golf as a sport, only a skill or activity. Yet, many people object the physical exertion aspect with golf, that it does not require any. These objectors who say golf should not be included in that defined group are ignorant to athletics and its regulations. My definition of a sport is a competition that involves athletes who play to win within a certain structure of rules and regulations. Anyone can be an athlete; they do not have to be good to play a sport, as long as they try with some effort. A sport requires certain qualities of an individual too that it can not be without. Hand-eye coordination is vital to every sport out there. A basketball player has to shoot the ball into the hoop, a football player has to throw the ball to an open receiver, a baseball player has to swing a bat to hit a 95 mile per hour fastball, and golfers have to swing their club and hit a tiny ball a couple hundred yards. It is the number one aspect that is required in all sports. Although it is common to associate sports with many other qualities. The ââ¬Å"manlyâ⬠qualities of other sports such as cheerleaders and fights usually are not included in golf, some figure because it is missing these qualities, that it should not even be considered a sport. ââ¬Å"Cheerleaders are important to sports. They keep the crowd excited; they keep the participants enthused about winning; and they give you something else to look at when the action on the field of play grinds to a halt. With golf theres not a lot of action to begin with. (Irvin)â⬠Although golf is missing the appendages that invigorate other sports with such audacity, the onlookers respect their golfers need for silence and concentration. It is a sport which requires a massive amount of concentration, just like any other sport. Irvin states his idea that cheerleaders are important to sports, when in fact; cheerleading has nothing to do at all with the style of play. He is right that they keep the crowd excited, but that is the only reason why they are there, they do not play, they yell and dance. It makes me wonder why one would think that Golf needs to have cheerleaders to keep the crowd excited when the golfers need a massive amount of concentration. Yet regular sports fans forget that each sport is different, and that is what makes them stand out and appeal to others. Golf does not appeal to some, but a lot of people play the sport religiously, reason being ââ¬â one does not have to be the typical in shape athlete that most are. Golfers are athletes too, and train to be good ones. Swinging a club and hitting a ball three hundred plus yards requires muscle strength in the torso and upper body. Golfers are just the kind of athletes who do not need to negotiate long-term big money contracts, and scratch themselves while being interviewed after play is over (Lowe). Golf is not a team sport either; it is an individual sport and the glory is captured for them, and they take pride and honor after an amazing feat as any athlete would. The honor and competitiveness of this sport has trickled down to the much supportive fan base. After exposing the truths and presenting evidence about one of the greatest sports ever to be played, we can no longer dispute golf as just a skill or activity, but declare Golf a real sport. It is important to sports enthusiasts everywhere that they have to look beyond the typical definition of a sport and expand their minds. Golfers are athletes too, playing for the top prize every time they step onto the course. Golf is gaining popularity by the second, no longer can it be said to be ââ¬Å"not a real sportâ⬠. Golf justifies what every sport should be, the way it is played, the professional maturity that every golfer shows, and competition. Merriam Webster defines a sport as 1): physical activity engaged in for pleasure (2): a particular activity (as an athletic game) so engaged in. Golf qualifies as a sport according to this definition and until it is changed, it will remain one of the legendary sports to play. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-52286447095692374312020-01-23T11:33:00.001-08:002020-01-23T11:33:02.498-08:00The Use of First Person Narration in The Cask of Amontillado EssayThe Use of First Person Narration in The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allen Poeââ¬â¢s tale of murder and revenge, ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠, offers a unique perspective into the mind of a deranged murderer. The effectiveness of the story is largely due to its first person point of view, which allows the reader a deeper involvement into the thoughts and motivations of the protagonist, Montresor. The first person narration results in an unbalanced viewpoint on the central conflict of the story, man versus man, because the reader knows very little about the thoughts of the antagonist, Fortunato. The setting of ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠, in the dark catacombs of Montresorââ¬â¢s wine cellar, contributes to the storyââ¬â¢s theme that some people will go to great lengths to fanatically defend their honor. Because Montresor narrates the story in the first person, the reader is able to perceive his thoughts and understand his motivations and justifications for his ruthless murder in a manner which a third person point of view would not allow. Montresorââ¬â¢s personal narration of the events of the story does not justify his crime in the audienceââ¬â¢s eyes, but it does offer a unique opportunity for the audience to view a murder from the perspective of a madman killer. It is Poeââ¬â¢s usage of this unique angle that causes the story to be so captivating and gruesomely fascinating. As the story opens, Montresor explains why it is necessary that he ââ¬Å"not only punish but punish with impunityâ⬠to avenge for Fortunadoââ¬â¢s insult to him. This justification for his crime is a piece of information that the audience is able to learn only because they are permitted inside the mind of the protagonist. In the final scene, when Montresor is carrying out his murder pl.. . ...ause this statement reveals Montresorââ¬â¢s satisfaction in his belief that justice has been served through his actions when he has actually removed a body from its resting place in order to replace it with a live one. Edgar Allen Poeââ¬â¢s gruesomely fascinating tale of vengeance and murder, ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠, achieves its effect only through its usage of the first person point of view. This unusual perspective enables the reader to view the characters and conflicts through the eyes of the narrator, as he first discusses and justifies, and eventually, carries out his plans for the ruthless murder of his friend. The eerie tone and disorienting and materialistically-related setting of the story contribute to its theme of defending oneââ¬â¢s honor and name and avenging all wrongdoings, even something so small as an insult. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-64638632181094933502020-01-15T07:56:00.001-08:002020-01-15T07:56:02.834-08:00Hypothesis Testing Is Undertaken Health And Social Care EssayThis chapter describes the methodological analysis used in the current survey that examines the relationship between emotional intelligence ( EI ) and burnout among nurses working in private infirmaries in Malaysia. Specifically, this chapter inside informations the research design selected by the research worker, population and sampling, trying processs, and informations aggregation method.3.2 Research DesignResearch design is a maestro program that specifies the methods and processs for roll uping and analysing informations needed for work outing a job ( Zikmund, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Cooper and Schindler ( 2008 ) , research design is the design for aggregation, measuring, and analysis of informations. Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) stated, ââ¬Å" the research design involves a series of rational decision-making picks associating to the intent of the survey, the type of probe, the extent of research worker intervention, the survey scene, the unit of analysis, the clip skyline, the type of sample to be used every bit good as the measuring, informations aggregation methods, trying design, and informations analysis â⬠. This survey used hypothetico-deductive method or a quantitative attack, whereby harmonizing to Creswell ( 2005 ) , a hypothetico-deductive method is ââ¬Å" a type of educational research in which the research decides what to analyze, asks specific, narrows inquiries, collects numeral ( numbered ) informations from participants, analyzes these Numberss utilizing statistics, and conducts the enquiry in an indifferent and nonsubjective mode â⬠. In short, hypothetico-deductive method is an enquiry into an identified job, based on proving a theory, measured with Numberss and analyzed utilizing statistical techniques. Therefore, the end of hypothetico-deductive method is to find whether the prognostic generalisations of a theory clasp true. This method besides provides a quick, cheap, efficient, and accurate agencies of measuring information about those who are involved in the survey ( Zikmund, 2003 ) . The intent of this survey was hypothesis testing. Based on the account given by Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) , a hypothesis testing is undertaken to explicate the discrepancy in the dependant variable or to foretell organisational results. In this sense, the research worker wanted to cognize the nature of the relationship that may be established between EI and burnout by proving the hypothesis developed. Since the purpose of this survey is to set up a mensurable relationship between EI and burnout, thereby hypothetico-deductive attack is said to be more suited. This method is appropriate to analyze the relationship between variables and to find how much one variable contributes to the anticipation of another ( Creswell, 2005 ; Leedy & A ; Omrod, 2005 ) . Specifically, a hypothetico-deductive study method utilizing a descriptive correlativity design is used to prove the dealingss between all the variables of the survey. The correlativity research design is used when the relationships b etween variables are non considered causal, and where the relationship between two or more variables is determined ( Salkind, 2003 ) . In add-on, hypotheses are developed and tested to depict and explicate the nature of relationship between EI and burnout among the nurses working in private infirmaries. Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) pointed out that the extent of intervention by the research worker with the normal of work in the workplace has a direct bearing on whether the survey undertaken is causal or correlativity. Since the correlational research was used, the survey was conducted in the natural environment of the organisation with minimum intervention by the research worker with the normal flow or work in noncontrieved scenes. In other words, informations were collected from the nurses involved in their workplace. Researcher did non alter any of the scene of their workplace whereby their day-to-day modus operandi occupations were minimally interfered when research was done. Apart from that, the informations were gathered merely one time. Hence, it was a cross-sectional survey. Figure 3.1 below shows the research design for the relevant survey. *diagram3.3 Population and SamplingThe population of research is ââ¬Å" a group of possible participants to whom you want to generalise the consequences of the survey â⬠( Salkind, 2003 ) . Since there are no limited resources such as clip, cost, and human resources, it is non practical and about impossible to study the whole population. On the other manus, trying enables a research worker to garner information rapidly and besides reduces the cost and work force demands for informations aggregation. Sampling besides enables the research worker to do generalisation sing the whole population or parts of the whole population based on a little figure of elements ( Zikmund, 2003 ) . This subdivision discusses the sampling process, including population, unit of analysis, trying frame, trying design, and sample size.3.3.1 Population, Sampling Frame and Unit of AnalysisThe population for the survey consists of the staff nurses employed at three private infirmaries in Klang Valley, Mala ysia. ***3.3.2 Sampling DesignThis research focused on the private infirmaries in Klang Valley. The logic behind choosing the private infirmaries in Klang Valley is that the big and good equipment infirmaries are located in this country and they serve a higher denseness of population. The highest population densenesss are found in Kuala Lumpur, followed by Penang and Putrajaya ( 6,891, 1,490, and 1,478 individuals per square kilometer severally ) for the twelvemonth of 2010 ( Department of Statistics, Malaysia, 2012 ) . **Since the larger private infirmaries are focused in Klang Valley, they have besides higher bed capacity which is assumed to straight interpret to the figure of nurses being hired by these infirmaries. A sum of three private infirmaries in Klang Valley were selected with most of them holding a bed capacity of more than **200. Therefore, it can be assumed that rather a bulk of private infirmary nurses are located in the infirmaries in Klang Valley. Additionally, the elements that constituted as the sample of the research needed to be selected from the population. The procedure of choosing equal figure of elements from a population is called the sampling design. The major types of trying design include chance and non-probability sampling. In chance sampling, every component in the population has some known opportunities of choice whereas in non-probability sampling, the elements ââ¬Ë opportunity of being selected as sample topics is unknown ( Zikmund, 2003 ) . High generalizability of the findings and non being confidently generalizable are two specific features of chance and non-probability sampling severally ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . This survey utilised chance trying design to choose the single private infirmary staff nurses. The nurses were selected utilizing simple random trying to enable wider generalizability of the findings.3.3.3 Sample SizeThe determination about sample size is non based on a definite reply bu t depends on a figure of considerations ( Bryman & A ; Bell, 2007 ) . The sample size depends on three factors: ( 1 ) the type of informations analysis ; ( 2 ) the coveted truth of the consequences ; and ( 3 ) the population features ( Neuman, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) , the sample size is governed by the extent of preciseness, assurance desired, variableness in population, cost and clip restraint, and the size of population. The sample size should be big plenty to enable research workers to foretell the population parametric quantities within acceptable bounds. In general, two constituents of a good sample are its adequateness and representativeness. Since an optimum sample size besides helps in minimising the entire cost of trying mistake, hence an appropriate sample size must be chosen. Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) stated a tabular array suggested by Krejcie and Morgan ( 1970 ) has greatly simplified the sample size determination to guarantee a good determination theoretical account. Since the population of this survey consist of ****xxx**** private infirmary staff nurses as identified earlier, hence based on the tabular array provided by Krejcie and Morgan, the sample size needed was at least, n=xxxx staff nurses.3.4 Data Collection MethodThis subdivision explains the method used for garnering informations. In this survey, secondary information every bit good as primary informations were involved. Secondary informations referred to the diary articles, public records, text editions, or any other information that were available for readings. From these informations, related countries and a figure of informations aggregation methods were studied and the most applicable 1s were chosen. On the other manus, primary informations resulted from a combination of two different set of questionnaires were developed specifically for each of the countries: EI and burnout. These questionnaires were combined along with the selected demographics variables. This subdivision further describes some advantages of carry oning a study utilizing questionnaires. It besides elaborates on each questionnaire that is used to mensurate the forecaster and standard variable of the current survey.3.4.1 Personally Administered QuestionnairesSurvey research workers collect quantitative and numeral informations utilizing questionnaires ( Creswell, 2005 ) . A questionnaire is ââ¬Å" a pre-formulated written set of inquiries to which respondents record their replies within closely defined options â⬠( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . Basically, questionnaires enable efficient informations aggregation when the research worker knows precisely what information is needed and how to mensurate the variables of the survey ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . Specifically, this survey used personally administered questionnaire studies method for informations aggregation and the instrument of the survey was developed by incorporating the points applied by the old research workers. Harmonizing to Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) , the chief advantages of personally administered questionnaires include: ( 1 ) can set up resonance and motivate respondent ; ( 2 ) uncertainties can be clarified on the topographic point ; ( 3 ) less expensive and consumers less clip than questioning when administered to groups of respondents ; ( 4 ) about 100 % response rate ensured and responses could be collected within a short period of clip ; and ( 5 ) namelessness of respondent is high. To plan a good questionnaire, Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) stated that it is advisable to include some negatively worded inquiries alternatively of give voicing all inquiries positively. Thereby, the inclination in respondents to automatically circle the points towards one terminal of the graduated table is minimized. Nevertheless, in instance this does still go on, the research worker has an chance to observe such prejudice. Hence, both positively and negatively worded inquiries are included in the questionnaire for current research. Apart from that, double-barrelled, equivocal, recall-dependant, prima, and loaded inquiries, every bit good as societal desirableness responses have to be avoided ( Sekaran and Bougie, 2011 ) . The sequence of inquiries should be such that the respondent is led from inquiries of a general nature to those that are more specific, and from inquiries that are comparatively easy to reply to those that are increasingly more hard ( Sekaran and Bougie, 2011 ) . An full research rests on the measuring instruments, which must be dependable, valid, and appropriate for replying the research inquiry of the survey ( Leeky & A ; Ormrod, 2005 ) . The usage of bing instruments ensures the quality of a study inquiries ( Cone & A ; Foster, 1993 ) . Using bing instruments to build a measuring questionnaire adds proved cogency, dependability, truth, and effectivity from past usage ( Creswell, 2005 ) . Therefore, the research worker adapted self-report bing instruments to mensurate all the concepts of the present research. All the self-report steps are discussed in inside informations in the undermentioned subdivisions.3.4.1.1 Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test ( SSEIT )This survey utilized the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test ( SSEIT ) ( Schutte et al. ; 1998 ) to measure the EI of the nurses working in the private infirmaries selected. SSEIT was chosen after consideration of several alternate steps of EI, including point EQ- i ( Bar-On, 1997 ) , the ECI ( Boyatzis, Goleman & A ; Rhee, 2000 ) , and the MSCEIT ( Mayer, Salovey, Caruso & A ; Sitarenios, 2003 ) . These steps were non used because they are proprietary and necessitate considerable clip to administrate. On the other manus, SSEIT provides research worker with the ability to hit the informations, does non imply cost for usage of the instrument, and is less time-consuming for the research participants. The SSEIT which besides referred as the Assessing Emotions Scale is a self-report step that measures EI as defined by Salovey and Mayer ( 1990 ) . Schutte et Al. ( 1998 ) conducted a series of surveies to develop the graduated table and to find its cogency and dependability. A factor analysis of more than 60 points suggested a one-factor solution of 33 points. This one-factor solution resulted in scale points stand foring each of the undermentioned three classs: ( 1 ) assessment and look of emotion in the ego and others ; ( 2 ) ordinance of emotion in the ego and others ; and ( 3 ) use of emotions in work outing jobs. However, the most widely used subscales derived from the 33-item SSEIT graduated table are based on factors identified by Petrides and Furnham ( 2000 ) , Ciarrochi, Chan, and Bajgar ( 2001 ) , and Saklofske, Austin, and Minski ( 2003 ) . These factor analytic surveies suggested a four-factor solution for the 33 points. The four factors are described as: ( 1 ) Percept of Emotion ( 10 points ) ; ( 2 ) Pull offing Own Emotions ( 9 points ) ; ( 3 ) Pull offing Others ââ¬Ë Emotions ( 8 points ) ; and ( 4 ) Use of Emotion ( 6 points ) ( Ciarrochi et al. , 2001 ) . The SSEIT graduated table has been used and validated in several surveies ( Petrides & A ; Furnham, 2000 ; Schutte, Malouff, Bobik, Coston, Greeson, Jedlicka, Rhodes & A ; Wendorf, 2001 ; Schutte, Malouff, Simunek, McKenley & A ; Hollander, 2002 ; Charbonneau & A ; Nocol, 2002 ) . In add-on, an internal consistence analysis with two different samples showed a Cronbach alpha of 0.90 and 0.87 ( Schutte et al. , 1998 ) . The sample points of this instrument include: ââ¬Å" I find it difficult to understand the gestural messages of other people â⬠for Perception of Emotion ( PE ) , ââ¬Å" When I am faced with obstructions, I remember times I faced similar obstructions and get the better of them â⬠for Pull offing Own Emotions ( ME ) , ââ¬Å" I know when to talk about my personal jobs to others â⬠for Pull offing Others ââ¬Ë Emotions ( MOE ) , and ââ¬Å" Some of the major events of my life have led me to re-evaluate what is of import and non of import â⬠for Utilization of Emotion ( UE ) . The SSEIT was rated on a 5-point Likert graduated table as in the original instrument with responses runing from 1 ( strongly disagree ) to 5 ( strongly agree ) .3.4.1.2 Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey ( MBI-HSS )Maslach ââ¬Ës Burnout Inventory ( MBI ) is normally used as a research tool in the current literature to mensurate the degree of burnout ( Lee, Ashforth & A ; Bla ke, 1990 ; Kanste, Miettunen & A ; Kyngas, 2006 ; Wu, Zhu, Wang, Wang & A ; Lan, 2007 ) . This survey measured nurse burnout utilizing the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey, 3rd edition ( MBI-HSS ) ( Maslach et al. , 1996 ) . MBI-HSS steps burnout among employees in human services establishments and wellness attention businesss such as nursing, societal work, psychological science, and ministry in footings of: ( 1 ) Emotional Exhaustion ( 9 points ) ; ( 2 ) Depersonalization ( 5 points ) ; and ( 3 ) Personal Accomplishment ( 8 points ) . The MBI-HSS has sound psychometric belongingss to guarantee dependability and cogency. MBI has demonstrated to hold concept cogency through the analysis of informations from a innovator instrument of 47 points administered to human service forces ( Maslach & A ; Jackson, 1981a ) . Convergent cogency surveies indicate the MBI-HSS graduated tables measure the same concept as other burnout instruments. Correlations of emotional exh austion and depersonalisation with other burnout self-report indexs are high ( rs & gt ; .50 ) , where as correlativities with personal achievement are slightly lower ( rs & gt ; .30 ) ( Schaufeli & A ; Enzmann, 1998 ) . Maslach et Al. ( 1996 ) reported internal consistence of MBI with dependability coefficients as follows: Ià ± = .90 for emotional exhaustion ( EE ) , Ià ± = .79 for depersonalisation ( DP ) , and Ià ± = .71 for decreased personal achievement ( PA ) . Furthermore, the test-retest dependability ranged from moderate to high. The test-retest dependability coefficients were as follows: EE ( .82 ) , DP ( .62 ) , and PA ( .80 ) . Sample points from Emotional Exhaustion ( EE ) subscale include: ââ¬Å" I feel emotionally drained from my work. â⬠Sample points from Depersonalization ( DP ) subscale include: ââ¬Å" I feel I treat some patients as if they were impersonal objects. â⬠Sample points from Personal Accomplishment ( PA ) subscale include: ââ¬Å" I can easy understand how my patients feel about things. â⬠Basically, nurse burnout was measured based on statements that concern feelings or attitudes about one ââ¬Ës work and how frequently those feelings occur. The frequence with which the nurses experience each point was measured on a 5-point Likert Scale anchored by Never ( 1 ) and Everyday ( 5 ) .3.4.1.3 Demographic DataIt is a affair of pick for the research worker whether inquiries seeking personal information of respondents should look at the beginning or at the terminal of the questionnaire ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . Harmonizing to Oppenheim ( 1986 ) , some research workers ask for personal informations at the terminal instead than the beginning of the questionnaire. Their logical thinking may be that by the clip the respondent reaches the terminal of the questionnaire, he or she has been convinced of the legitimacy and genuineness of the inquiries framed by the research worker and, therefore, is more inclined and conformable to portion personal information ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . On the other manus, research workers who prefer to arouse most of the personal information at the really beginning may speak up that one time respondents have shared some of their personal history, they may hold psychologically identified themselves with the questionnaire, and may experience a committedness to react ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . Both these methods of seeking personal information have their pros and cons. For current survey, demographic information of the respondents were requested on the last subdivision of the questionnaire. This portion includes demographic information such as age, gender, cultural group, matrimonial position, old ages of work experience, making, nursing class, and section. The respondents were required to click the appropriate replies. The study questionnaire can be found in Appendix A. The two chief instruments selected for this survey have shown concept cogency and dependability based on old surveies but they have non been tested in the Malayan context. Therefore, the dependabilities of all the instruments and content cogency were tested during the pre-test. The sum-up of the questionnaire with the dislocation of subdivisions and the description of each of the survey instruments is shown in Table 3.1. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-34436736554192846352020-01-07T04:18:00.001-08:002020-01-07T04:18:05.218-08:00Khrushchev and Kennedy - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2214 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: John F Kennedy Essay Did you like this example? Khrushchev and Kennedy: Who Had the Biggest Corn Cob? When asked to name 5 presidents off the top of their head prior to the 21st century, most of the American population would probably name John F. Kennedy as one of them. It appears that long after his assassination nearly 55 years ago, the reputation of the Kennedy administration is still dubbed as one of Americas greats. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Khrushchev and Kennedy" essay for you Create order Perhaps this has a great deal to do with his familys popularity in the public eye and not the actual proceedings of his administration. Although John F. Kennedy is revered as being one of the most beloved presidents in American History, the blatant reality of his term in office is that of a counterproductive and increasingly immature presidency as shown from his foreign relations and internal command of the military during the hottest part of the cold war. The result of this brash presidency is one that had left a lasting impression on foreign and global relations for decades to come. Before the dubbing of his power in office, Kennedy illustrated great intelligence on the subject of domestic allocation of funds (OBrien). As part of the most recent wave of economists at the time, Kennedy was soon to enact his new domestic plan for public funding and tax cuts. In this, John F. Kennedy was able to decrease the unemployment rate by over 3% and reduce taxes for the common man. This was not the only progress he made; Kennedy also prompted the development of urban refurbishing projects, modern health care systems, and the promotion of the American arts. These domestic reforms, however, do not encompass the entirety of Kennedys term, rather they act as a lovely kind of fluff for the American people in order to cover up his international diplomatic shortcomings (Schlesinger). This being supposed, conflict between the United States and Russia during the cold war was unlikely to come to an end anytime soon specifically because of key interactions between Kennedy and Khrushch ev. Perhaps one of the most decisive interactions Kennedy had with the Soviet Union was, in part, the Vienna Summit, whereupon the Kennedy and Khrushchev discussed the happenings of the Berlin Crisis. The Berlin Crisis was a culmination of conflicts that began in 1950 between Soviet and Allied military blockade forces occupying the East and West blocs of Berlin after World War II. This engagement escalated greatly in the years of 60 to 61 when Soviet forces pushed further for the removal of the Allied militia. However, given the poverty rate and risk for yet another uprising in Berlin after World War two, Allies repudiated the situation until there were no other options. When British, French, and American militaries refused to quell the conflict, the Berlin Crisis ensued, and the Vienna Summit was arranged to meet the demands of both sides (Carmichael). Prior to the Vienna Summit Khrushchev attempted on multiple occasions to meet with Kennedy. On February 22nd, 1961 he addressed Kennedy as such: I hope it will be possible, before too long, for us to meet personally for an informal exchange of views (Kempe). Khrushchev believed greatly that the affair of the Berlin Crisis and other foreign affairs could be settled quite easily if only Kennedy would speak to Khrushchev (Ashton). This meeting was entirely a failure: the poor negotiating diplomacy of the United States resulted in the building of the Berlin Wall (Kempe). Yet at this time in May of ?61, Kennedy addressed the funding of NASA as an urgent national need. By partaking in frivolous proxy campaigns rather than taking on Khrushchev directly, as recommended of his advisors, Kennedy attempted to divert the attention of the Soviets. In this, astonishing technological achievements were made at the expense of world peace with the series of competitive maneuvers by both Soviet and Non -Soviet forces called The Space Race (Space Program). However, this urgent need proved a flump, as in April of the same year, the Soviet Union had already launched the very first man in space during the Vostok Program which lasted from 1960-1963, resulting in the first woman in space in 64and the first space walk in 65. Thus illustrating Americas lag in aerospace technology behind the USSR more publically than ever (Hall and Shayler). Rather than meet openly with Khrushchev, Kennedy diverted tactics away from USSR. Given the recent Laos affair in February, Kennedy pulled focus towards the newly emerging Third world countries (Laos). This tactic could also be seen in the Bay of Pigs incident on April 17th of the same year. In the Bay of Pigs Defeat, the US experienced a failed invasion of yet another Second world country, costing the United States government 54 million dollars and the embarrassing defeat of our own invasion from a Soviet-allied nation (The Bay of Pigs). To put that in perspective, the average gallon of milk at the time cost $0.47 whereas it now exceeds $3.11, putting those measly 54 million dollars now at an estimated 445 million given an 8.27 inflation increase from 1961 to 2018 (National Retail Report-Dairy). This incident not only negatively impacted external affairs, but also ignited a huge controversy involving the CIA when their ties to the Mafia were revealed. In the 1975 publication by the Church Committee in Senate, the CIA had insured a monopoly on gaming, prostitution, and drugs for the Mafia, thus shifting the American popular opinion on their own country and the overall morality standard that Britain and France held of the US (Church Committee). Rather than learning from his mistakes in Laos and Cuba, Kennedy launched another set of forces to quell the Soviet uprisings in South East Asia in ?62. Through a series of events involving the 194th Armored Brigade and the second drafting of American men in the last 10 years the Vietnam War began. Extending long after Kennedys era, the Vietnam Wars informal declaration initiated the brutally savage and utterly futile 13-year involvement of American forces against the Viet Kong (Wilson). The Vietnam War was so brutal that forty years later when the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs conducted the first National Longitudinal Study on the impacts of PTSD, 11% of the male and 9% of female populations still experienced PTSD. Of those who still experienced PTSD from the Vietnam War in 1987, they had double the risk for death unrelated to suicide than those who did not still carry PTSD. This is only one of the effects of Vietnam on the American soldiers and does not enter into the impact that violently opposed public opinions of the war, and the soldiers, had on the unity of the United States population. Further, consideration also needs to be afforded regarding the tremendous emotional, mental, and economic toll that the war took on the already poverty-stricken civilians of Southern and Northern Vietnam (US Department of Veterans Affairs). On the contrary, instead of the diversions serving effectively to distract Khrushchev, Kennedys entertainment of such proxy wars only angered the USSR further. Kennedys actions then resulted in the Berlin Crisis of ?61 which prompted for the building the Berlin Wall. This wall did not just serve as a barrier between Soviet and Non-Soviet, but also a negotiating barrier between world superpowers that would solidify the relationship of Russia and the U.S. for years to come (Ashton). The Iron Curtain, as it were, set up the diplomatic wall between Russia, the United States, and even Cuba in the Missile Crisis of 1962. Rising closer and closer to mutual annihilation, the Cuban Missile Crisis breached a point that would scar worldviews for the next 55 years. Robert Kennedy, John F. Kennedys brother, insisted that the President did not want a military conflict and felt as though he had done everything possible to avoid a military engagement with Cuba and with the Soviet Union (Robert F. Kennedy). However, RFKs public position on the matter is far from the report Dobrynin, the Russian ambassador in Washington, gave to Khrushchev. In Dobrynin?s rather detailed report of his unofficial meeting with RFK, the string of events in the Cuban missile crisis seemingly had gotten so out of control that Kennedy was apprehensive about whether or not the military would overthrow him and seize power (Crankshaw). This, of course, was not a surprise as the aforementioned Jupiter Missiles already stationed in Turkey and Italy had undergone some extreme developments since 1957 (Hershberg). While the initial OK was given by Kennedy, plenty of military happenings were out of Kennedys hands in a time that required boundless attention to detail regarding milita ry involvement. The extremity of the situation was especially highlighted after the fiasco that was the Crisis of Berlin and the attempted overthrow of Cuba with the Bay of Pigs Invasion (or lack thereof). The nearing doomsday, nevertheless, did not stop the Joint Chiefs of Staff from pushing for a more aggressive response to the missiles in San Cristobal, Cuba; military command was illustrating yet again how little input was needed from the president to control the balance of the American and Russian futures (The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962). It was in those final moments that Kennedy gave the final say. Kennedy chose to mend the wrongs he had made in the past 13 days. This decision would label America as the peacemaker of the event, thus undermining the blatant candor: America was the aggressor. The entire year of 63 had been filled with triumphs and tragedies in American civil rights. Kennedy and his close relations acted as a forefront of this in pushing for Civil Rights Act which was enacted in 64 and the Equal Pay Act against gender discrimination. It is significant to note as well that Kennedy was not actually the one to carry through with these acts, rather, his predecessor Lyndon B. Johnson did without any credit of course (LBJ). In spite of all of the failures of 61 and 612, Kennedy served his last year on a high note for minorities across America, making him one of the most popular public figures in American popular culture. So, on November 22nd, 1964, when John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas the American people immortalized Kennedys administration in the 20th century rivaling only Franklin Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan (A Nation in Upheaval, 1954-1975). Four days later, the United States people had very little to be grateful for that Thanksgiving, and so instead they made Kennedy a martyr. Despite the many shortcomings in the first two years of his presidency, John F. Kennedy is still seen as one of the most beloved presidents in United Stated History. In swooning the American people with lavishing reforms, the vile impacts of war, invasion, and political intimidation were all but washed away. Modern society took a more optimistic view of his candidacy, seeking the brighter side of a very dark era in place of the harsh reality of the United States past. Indeed, his reforms set a precedent in American civil rights and public funding, but it cannot be refuted that the mistakes of the Kennedy administration resulted in an even worse precedent of cold foreign policy for the days nearing closer to the end of the Soviet Union. Thus, history has donned a sweeter coat in defense of Kennedys short term as president. After all, no one can steal from a dead man, not even his reputation. Work Cited A Nation in Upheaval, 1954-1975. American History, ABC-CLIO, 2018, americanhistory2.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/270426. Accessed 10 Oct. 2018. Ashton, N. (2002). Kennedy, Macmillan and the Cold War: The Irony of Interdependence Church Committee (20 November 1975). Alleged assassination plots involving foreign leaders Crankshaw, trans. and ed. by Strobe Talbott. (1970). Khrushchev Remembers. Boston: Little, n.d. Cuban Missile Crisis. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Presidential Library and Museum, www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/cuban-missile-crisis. Hall, Rex and David Shayler. The Rocket Men: Vostok Voskhod, the first Soviet manned spaceflights. Springer, May 18, 2001. Hershberg, Jim. JFK and the Diem Coup: Declassified Records. National Security Archives, The George Washington University, Spring 1995, nsarchive2.gwu.edu//nsa/cuba_mis_cri/moment.htm. Kempe, Frederick. Berlin 1961. New York: G.P. Putnams Sons, 2011. Kennedy, Robert F., Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: New American Library, n.d. Laos. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Laos.aspx. LBJ. Biography, LBJ Presidential Library, www.lbjlibrary.org/lyndon-baines-johnson/lbj-biography. National Retail Report-Dairy. Dairy Market News Branch, USDA, 16 Nov. 2018, www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/dybretail.pdf. OBrien, Steven. John F. Kennedy. American History, ABC-CLIO, 2018, americanhistory2.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/247203. Accessed 24 Nov. 2018. Poole, Walter S (2013), Adapting to Flexible Response, 1960ââ¬Å"1968, Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr (2002) [1965]. A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Space Program. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Space-Program.aspx. The Bay of Pigs. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, JFK Library, www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-bay-of-pigs. The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962. Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State, history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis. US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Veterans Health Administration. PTSD and Vietnam Veterans: A Lasting Issue 40 Years Later. Public Health, 7 May 2015, www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/publications/agent-orange/agent-orange-summer-2015/nvvls.asp. Wilson, John B. (1998). XII: Flexible Response. Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades. United States Army Center of Military History. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-8198870267321727472019-12-30T00:44:00.001-08:002019-12-30T00:44:04.573-08:00An Overview Of Jerry Success Cineplex Business Essay - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3730 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Fundamental of Entrepreneurship is a subject of study entrepreneurial methods of management to establish a successful organization. Moreover, it allowed us to learn about the knowledge of identify, conceptualize and harvest new ventures. We can utilize such knowledge and to apply it in the functional areas towards the goal of commencing a business. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Overview Of Jerry Success Cineplex Business Essay" essay for you Create order The title of Fundamental of Entrepreneurship assignment is starting a new business. Jerry is a young graduate and has just starting a new business enterprise. As an experienced business executive, I was required to give advice to Jerry to succeed in his business. Task 1 discuss about the review of performance of Jerry Success Cineplex. Jerry Success Cineplex is in the industry of media and entertainment which provide film distribution service. Moreover, the Cineplex is located at Kinta City, Ipoh where it consists of 5 Cineplex halls with 750 seats. The profit that Jerry Success Cineplex had earned in 2012 is 25.2 Thousand. Task 2 regarding to the strength and weakness of Jerry Success Cineplex. The strength of Jerry Success Cineplex that allowed Jerry to gain over his competitors are the customers can purchase the movie tickets through internet, the seat is suitable and the movie they showing is more than the others Cineplex in Ipoh. On the contrary, Jerry Success Cineplexs weaknesses are the choice of snack foods and drinks they sell is less, the movie tickets price is expensive and the Cineplex does not provide bench at the entrance to Cineplex hall. Task 3 discuss about the plan of action that will capitalize on the Jerry Success Cineplexs strengths and overcome its weakness. Jerry should update his company website daily, maintain the sound system and air-condition system periodical and allocate the movie show time according to the sales to capitalize on his Cineplex strengths. On the other hand, Jerry should provide more choice of food and drink to the customers and using pull strategy to attract more customers, apply competition based pricing strategy and provide benches at waiting area to overcome its weakness. Finally, Task 4 discuss about the ways to maintained and strengthened the existing performance of Jerry Success Cineplex. In order to strengthen the existing performance, Jerry should take over, joint venture with another company an d expand his business to more shopping complex. Jerry also can reinforce his business performance through globalization. 2.1 Review of Performance Jerry is starting up a new business in media and entertainment industry. The business that Jerry operating is a Cineplex that provides the services of film distribution to his value customers. Jerrys new business name is Jerry Success Cineplex and it was located at Kinta City, Ipoh. As a result of Kinta City is nearby the town and the crowds of Kinta City are bustling, therefore, Jerry had chosen to operate Jerry Success Cineplex at Kinta City, Ipoh. 2.1.1 Overview of Jerry Success Cineplex Jerry Success Cineplex consists of five Cineplex halls. According to Tgvs overview website (2013), it stated that the invention of 3D movie is become popularity. In order to meet the expectation and satisfy customers demand, Jerry Success Cineplex had provided two digital screen movie halls for 3-Dimensional (3D) screening. Boswell, D. (2012, p.25) illustrates in his study that the term 3D is typically a reference to a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception. Thus, within the five Cineplex halls, it has 3 normal screen movie halls for normal screening and two digital screen movie halls for 3D screening. Besides that, the total seats of Jerry Success Cineplex are 750 seats where each of the Cineplex halls consists of 150 seats. Out of 150 seats, 24 seats are couple seats in each Cineplex halls. On the other hand, the price of the movie ticket that Jerry Success Cineplex sell is depends on the types of seat and the day that their customers choose to watch the movie. For example, the ticket price for couple seats may more expensive than the normal seat, customers can purchase cheaper movie tickets on every Tuesday and the ticket sells on every Sunday will more expensive than the normal day. The customers who purchase at Jerry Success Cineplex include teenagers, single adults, married adults, married adults with kids, men and women. However, the range of customers who purchase to watch the movie is according to the film rating system. Earlier research (The Film Rating System (CARA) website, 2012) demonstrated that the main aim of film rating system is to provide information for the parents to decide whether the film is suitable for their family. Thus, the rating of movie is categorized into Guidance Audiences (G), Parental Guidance Suggested (PG), Parents Strongly Cautioned (PG13), Restricted (R) and No One 17 and under Admitted (NC17). (For more detail information, see Appendix A) For example, the movie of Flight by John Gatins is under restricted to 18 years and over of the film rating system. Thus, the people who less than 18 years old is not allowed watching this movie. However, the movie of the Spiders by Joseph Farrugia Tibor Takà ¡cs that showing recently is under the rating of Parents Strongly Guidance (PG13). PG13 represented that this movie may have mild sexual and/or drug references and it is suitable for the audience aged 13 and above. (For the motion picture rating system of the movie of Flight and Spiders, see appendix B1 B2) 2.1.2 Conclusion Finally, Jerry Success Cineplex is generating profit. The interest rate that Jerry Success Cineplex had made is 15% and the revenue is 25.2 thousand for 2012. It shows that Jerry Success Cineplexs business performance is at the growth stage. Therefore, Jerry is decided to improve his business to the maturity stage. 2.2 Strength and Weakness Every company has its strength and weakness. Strength is the traits of the company that are functional to achieving the objectives. Strength also refers to the advantages of a company has over its competitors. However, weakness refers to the attributes of the company that are destructive to achieving the objectives and it is the drawback of a company which may cause the company unable to suppress their competitors. 2.2.1 Strength of Jerry Success Cineplex The first strength of Jerry Success Cineplex is the Cineplex had provided the services of buying movie tickets via internet. Nowadays, technology has become very popular to human beings and it has brought a lot of advantages to the society in different field such as business, education, and entertainment. Thus, Jerry Success Cineplex is utilizing this point and allowed their customer to buy movie ticket via internet. In this way, the consumers can choose an appropriate time to watch the movie they want. Other than that, the office workers who go to the work from 9.00 a.m. until 5.00 p.m. may not have time to go to Jerry Success Cineplex to purchase movie tickets. Therefore, the services of buying movie tickets online by Jerry Success Cineplex allowed the customers do not need to utilize their lunch or break time to line up at the ticket counter to buy movie tickets. Secondly, the seats in Jerry Success Cineplex hall are wide and suitable. The model of seats that Jerry had sel ected is Reclining Cinema Chair HJ95B which had the certification of ISO9001:2000 ISO14001:2004. (For the information about the seats, see references C) Although the total seats within Jerry Success Cineplex is lesser than the others cinema in Ipoh, however, Jerry is persist to provide first class services and environment for their customers. It is because Jerry hopes that the consumers have a homely feel when they are watching movie at Jerry Success Cineplex. Furthermore, each of the seats in the Cineplex hall has provides a cup holder for the consumers to place their drinks. Finally, the numbers of movie that showing in Jerry Success Cineplex is more than the other Cinema in Ipoh. Every day, Jerry Success Cineplex will show 8 movies. The earliest movie showing time is 10:30 a.m while the latest movie showing time is 11:45 p.m. However, the latest movie showing time in weekend and holiday is 12:25 a.m. Besides that, each of the movies will show 3 times daily. This allowed the c onsumers who missed the movie has the chance to watch the movies at another time at the same day. 2.2.2 Weakness of Jerry Success Cineplex First of all, the choice of food and drinks that sells in Jerry Success Cineplex is less than its competitors. For example, one of the competitors of Jerry Success Cineplex, TGV cinema which located at Aeon Station 18, Ipoh has sells various types of snack food and drinks for the consumers who purchase at their Cinema. The snack food that TGV cinema sells include normal popcorn, caramel popcorn, sausage, mashed potato while their drinks include ,soft drink, Ice Lemon Tea, can drink such as Mocha and Latte. However, the snack food that Jerry Success Cineplex sells only has normal popcorn and biscuit while the drinks they sells merely mineral water, Coca-cola and Nescafe. Secondly, the movie ticket of Jerry Success Cineplex is more expensive than others cinema at Ipoh. For example, the movie ticket of TGV cinema at Aeon Station 18, Ipoh at normal day is RM10 while Jerry Success Cineplex sells their movie tickets price at RM13. Other than that, a movie ticket price of TGV Cinema on weekend and holiday is RM12 while Jerry Success Cineplex is RM15. Furthermore, TGV cinema sells the couple seats movie ticket at RM34 while the price of couple seats movie ticket at Jerry Success Cineplex is RM 40. Finally, Jerry Success Cineplex had not provided benches at the waiting area of the Cineplex. As a results of Jerry Success Cineplex does not provided benches for their customers who waiting for the movie opening time, the consumers will force to stand at the waiting area until the gate is open for them to enter to the Cineplex hall. In addition, it is inconvenience for the consumers who stand at the waiting area with holding their foods and drinks. 2.2.3 Conclusion In short, things are not perfect where everything with strengths must also have its weaknesses. The strengths and weaknesses of Jerry Success Cineplex has provides information that is useful in matching his business resources and capabilities with the competitive environment that it operate in. 2.3 Plan of Action After analyzed the strength of Jerry Success Cineplex, Jerry should implement various plan of action in order to reinforce the performance of his business. A study by Buchanan, J. (If Better is Possible, 2008, p.18) argues that if better is possible, good is not enough. Thus, Jerry should suggest action that will capitalize on the companys strengths. Other than that, the weakness of Jerry Success Cineplex would lead the business making loss. Therefore, Jerry must plan action to overcome its company weakness to gain over the competitors. 2.3.1 Plan of Action to Capitalize on the Strength One of the plan of action to capitalize on Jerry Success Cineplexs strength is to update the companys webpage daily. For example, Jerry needs to update the movies show time daily in order to allow his customers check the latest movie show time. Jerry also should provide the movie trailer and detail such as the synopsis, rating and language of the particular movie on his company webpage. Besides that, Jerry should offer a blog page on his company webpage to let the customers leave their comments and feedbacks after they watched the movie. In this way, the customers who want to buy movie tickets online can do a deep research about the movie they want to watch which helps them to allocate their time and decide an appropriate movie for the family. Secondly, a wide and suitable seat may not enough to satisfy customers needs. Therefore, Jerry also needs to ensure the customers able to purchase their services in a superior environment. For example, Jerry must instruct his employees to spend at least 15 minutes to clean up the Cineplex halls once the movie is end. Again, Jerry should maintain the sound system and air-conditional system of the Cineplex halls periodical in order to make sure the operation is able to work smoothly as well as to avoid any mistake happened at the movie showing time. Although Jerry Success Cineplex has provided various choices of movie for their customers, however, not every movie is acceptable by the customers and it may affect the sales of the movie drop. On the contrary, people will watch their favorite movie repeatedly because people love to learn and understand the things they love where it will make them happy. Earlier research (The Science of Re-runs website, 2012) had shown that if we can took at the underlying drivers of re-consumption, we can help business to better understand their customers and help them create products that consumers will use again and again. For example, if the box office of a particular movie is poo r, Jerry should plan to stop showing the movie in order to reduce wastage. However, if the box office of a particular movie is popular by the customers, Jerry should decide to extend the showing time of the movie. It is because it may allow Jerry to generate more profit by reducing the wastage. 2.3.2 Plan of Action to Overcome the Weakness Due to the choice of food and drinks that sells at Jerry Success Cineplex is less, therefore, Jerry should plan to provide more choices of food and drinks to sell at the Cineplex. In addition, Jerry can apply pull strategy to attract more customers. Padua, D. (2013, p.208) have proposed that a pull strategy involves motivating customers to seek out your brand in an active process. Thus, Jerry Success Cineplex can implement the pull strategy through sales promotion at the special days such as Chinese New Year, Valentines Day, and Christmas day. For example, Jerry Success Cineplex has showing the movie of Titanic on Valentines Day. Then, Jerry should provide limited edition couple mug with the image of the actor and actress of Titanic. Moreover, Jerry must carry out few terms and conditions for those who want to get the limited edition couple mug. For example, after the consumers purchase the foods and drinks above RM20, they should only add on another RM15 to get the limited edit ion couple mug. In this way, the consumers may buy more in order to get the limited edition couple mug and it may increase the sales and profits of Jerry Success Cineplex. Jerry Success Cineplexs movie ticket is more expensive than others cinema. In order to overcome this weakness, Jerry can apply one of the pricing strategies which known as competition based pricing. Pride, W. et al. (2011, p.385) have proposed that a company that apply competition based pricing strategy might decide to be lower than competitors price, slightly higher than competitors price or at the similar level. Thus, Jerry Success Cineplex can charge the same price on the movie ticket based on the price of movie tickets that its competitor charges. For example, if TGV cinema at Aeon Station 18, Ipoh sells its movie ticket at RM10, then, Jerry Success Cineplex should charge the same price level as TGV cinema charged. Macroeconomics in Context (Goodwin, N. et al., 2009) demonstrated that people tend to look for cheaper substitute. Therefore, Jerry Success Cineplex is able to attract more consumers to purchase at his Cineplex as the price of movie ticket is reduced and same as the other cinema. Finally, Jerry should provide few benches at the waiting area for the consumers who waiting for the movie opening time. Once Jerry had provided benches at the waiting area at his Cineplex, the customers do not need to stand in front of the waiting area with holding their foods and drinks. Other than that, it allowed parents able to look after their children by let the children sit at the benches and waiting for the movie. 2.3.4 Conclusion It is important for Jerry to develop plan of action in order to capitalize the strengths and overcome the weaknesses of Jerry Success Cineplex. It is because it may improve the performance of Jerry Success Cineplex. Hence, different strategies such as pull strategy and competition based pricing strategy need to apply in the business to overcome the business weaknesses. 2.4 Improvement Growth Jerry wants advice from an experienced business executive to help him investigate the ways in which the business existing performance could be maintained and strengthened. In order to improve the growth of Jerry Success Cineplex, few suggestions are giving to Jerry for him to expand his business. The ways for Jerry Success Cineplex to strengthen his business are takeover and joint venture with another company. Jerry also can expand his business to more shopping complex through bidding and globalization. 2.4.1 Ways to Maintain and Strengthen Business Performance People tends to takeover others business when their business growth bigger. Machirajus Merges, Acquisitions and Takeovers (2007, p.3) asserts that takeover refers to change in the controlling interest of a company. Takeover not only allowed the businesss new owner to perform their business effectively and efficiently, it is also enables the company to retain the existing market share and avoid administrative procedure. It is because the new businesss owner already had established customer network as well as the past experience in overseeing and coordinating in their past business. For example, Jerry Success Cineplex and ABC Cineplex are two different Cineplex that serving different areas customers. Then, Jerry has capital to buy ABC Cineplex and ABC Cineplex is willing to sell the Cineplex to Jerry. Once ABC Cineplex takeover by Jerry Success Cinema, ABC Cineplex will not exist anymore and the whole ABC Cineplex will be organized by Jerry Success Cineplex. Hence, Jerry Success C ineplex is able to retain its existing market share as well as expand his business. In order to achieve growth, Jerry may decide to implement joint venture. Joint Venture in the International Arena (Prescott, D. Swartz, S., 2008) commented that joint venture refers to a joint undertaking by two existing business in which they share risk, control and management. When a company performs joint venture, the whole supply chain is owned by the company itself. Hence, the company is able to share strength, reduce risks and increase competitive advantages in the market place. For example, Jerry Success Cineplex joint ventures with Fee Fye Confectionery Sdn. Bhd. and Foe Fum Beverages Sdn. Bhd. that supply snack food and soft drinks to his Cineplex. Then, Jerry Enterprise will form to control Fee Fye Confectionery Sdn. Bhd. and Foe Fum Beverage Sdn. Bhd. In the end, Jerry Enterprise may also supply to certain outlet and Jerry may joint ventures with their consumers again. In this way, Jerrys businesses will growth bigger and he is capable to expand his business in the future. Besides takeover and joint venture, Jerry can strengthened his business through expanding Jerry Success Cineplex to more Shopping Complex at another states. In order to expand Jerry Success Cineplex to more Shopping Complex, Jerry should actively bid for the contract to build his Cineplex in the coming new shopping Complex. Once Jerry gets the rights to build his Cineplex in new shopping Complex, he is able to expand his business to other states within Malaysia. In addition, its business wills growth bigger and the market share will be increased. After expand the business to other states in Malaysia successfully, Jerry can plan to globalize his business in the future. Economic globalization is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial fl ows. The terms sometimes also refers to the movement of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across international borders. As a result of globalization refers to the process where each and every countrys international market and production become increasingly interdependent as a consequence of changing dynamic of products and services, hence, it assists expand economic freedom and spurs competition. The research shows (Erwin, J. Smith, Z., 2008, p.2) globalization raises the productivity and living standards of people in countries that open themselves to the global marketplace. For example, if Jerry expands Jerry Success Cineplex to the foreign country, it will bring benefits to the citizen in Malaysia where globalization has reduced poverty and assists our countrys living standard growth rapidly. 2.4.2 Conclusion In a conclusion, people tend to expand their business rather than pristine guarding a business when their business growth bigger. Therefore, Jerry is looking for different ways to improve and expand his business. As an experienced business executive, I had recommended Jerry to growth his business through take over and joint venture with another company. Besides that, Jerry may expand his business to more Shopping Complex at other states or considered to globalize his business to the world. 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendation In Task 1, I had stated the business performance of Jerry Success Cineplex. First and foremost, Jerry Success Cineplex is generating profit. The revenue of Jerry Success Cineplex at 2012 is 25.2 Thousand. Jerry Success Cineplex consists of 5 Cineplex halls with the total of 750 seats. Then, customers who purchase at Jerry Success Cineplex include teenagers, adults, married adults and married adults with kids as well as men and women. In task 2, I found out that every business will has its strengths and weakness. Moreover, the strengths of a company also known as the competitive advantages that enable the company to utilize these advantages to gain over their competitors in the same industry. On the other hand, the weaknesses of a company also refer to the dangers that lead the business making loss. Thus, Jerry should identify and understand Jerry Success Cineplexs strengths and weaknesses in order to capitalize on the companys strength and overcome its weakness by implement diff erent strategy. Task 3 regards to the plan of action that will capitalize on the Jerry Success Cineplexs strengths and the ways to overcome its weaknesses. Based on the drawbacks of Jerry Success Cineplex, I would advise Jerry to using the pull strategy and competition based pricing strategy to overcome its weakness. On the other hand, the actions to capitalize Jerry Success Cineplex is Jerry should update his company website daily, improve the sound system and conditional system periodical and decide the period of showing the particular movie properly. Finally, I had learned the ways to maintain and expand business. Based on my opinion, the few advise that I had given to Jerry for expand his business is takeover and joint venture with another company, operate the Cineplex to more shopping complex at another states in Malaysia and globalization. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-80322565349644038332019-12-21T20:30:00.001-08:002019-12-21T20:30:04.059-08:00Essay on Adoption as an Option for Infertile Women Imagine getting married to the love of your life, knowing from the day that you first laid eyes on him that he was the one that was going to father the children that you would have in the coming years. Three months after having the wedding of your dreams, you find out you are pregnant after two years of trying to conceive and you could not be happier. Celebrating with friends and family eager to share with them the good news that you were expecting a miracle after almost giving up, you are jubilant. After trying for so long and succeeding? (I donââ¬â¢t know what word I want to put there yet) nothing could possibly go wrong. In the following days, you have come to learn that the one thing you longed for, was suddenly taken away from you as youâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Some of the underlying issues with fertility treatments are that some couples have to repeat the whole process of treatments two to three times before the treatment works. Many times, couples are left having to s pend tens of thousands of dollars. The outcome from in vitro fertilization varies from couple to couple. A big concern for the sergeant mother is that it can sometimes cost more than an adoption. Having another woman carry your baby is stressful, you donââ¬â¢t know the life they live behind closed doors, or what they are putting into their body, it is hard to determine if your baby is out of harms way. And, when looking into adoption the biggest question is to choose International or Domestic. Whether you are adopting a child internationally or domestically you are doing the best thing anyone could do by offering a child a place to call home. When adopting internationally rather than domestically you have given a child the opportunity to experience freedom in the United States, where they will be able to experience the beauty that life has to offer. In many other countries children are left with inadequate water, no food, and no shelter. These orphans suffer daily going without f ood, which are clothed with dirty clothes, some do not receive the love and affection that is needed to grow strong and healthy,Show MoreRelatedEmbryo Adoption : A Only Of A Kind Thing1613 Words à |à 7 PagesEmbryo adoption also known as embryo donation is a one of a kind thing. Couples who are infertile typically chose in vitro fertilization (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI), adoption, or a less common method of embryo adoption. Couple who choose the first, IVF, go through a process of obtaining eggs and sperm, allowing the embryo(s) to form outside of the body, and then having the embryo implanted into the motherââ¬â¢s uterus. Typically, multiple embryos are developed and the parents either chooseRead MoreCross culturally fertility and childbearing are a major concern due to the significance of passing1400 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe other women. Until a woman gives birth she is unable to partake in the ââ¬Å"womenââ¬â¢s association meetingsâ⬠, a major social opp ortunity. Therefore, the women deemed infertile by the community are are socially isolated from the other women. This kind of isolation can adversely affect their psychological health and potentially leading to a sense of identity loss, depression, and low self-esteem (Kleinman, 1992). Furthermore, the impact of infertility on their marriages is great. These women are oftenRead More surrogate mothers Essay1148 Words à |à 5 PagesSarah resorted to a quot;surrogate motherquot; that produced their son Ishmael. 2NEED ââ¬â Surrogate motherhood fills a need for infertile couples. 2.4 million infertile married American couples. It is estimated that one in six couples are affected by some degree of infertility. Many people are marrying later and are delaying having children. After age 45, about 95% of women are unable to conceive on their own. Surrogate mothers also fill the need for non-traditional families including the gay and lesbianRead MoreModern Surrogacy: Choosing between Traditional or Gestational1193 Words à |à 5 PagesYes, there is money involved, but the money is not in trade for the child so much as it is to pay for hospital bills, legal fees, embryonic transference process costs and agency fees. Surrogacy in America, when valid, is a legal process, just like adoption; therefore, it must be done through attorneys or agencies. Some people, like Charles Dougherty of the Center for Health Policy and Ethics, believe that ââ¬Å"it might cause future generations, for example, to think of the human embryo or fetus as interchangeableRead MoreSurrogate Motherhood Is Considered The Most Controversial Form Of Medically Assisted Conception Essay1387 Words à |à 6 PagesSurrogate motherhood is considered the most controversial form of medically assisted conception. Surrogacy is defined as an arrangement by which a woman gives birth to a baby on behalf of a woman who is incapable of conceiving babies herself or is infertile. The issue of surrogacy has been running for almost three decades. Elizabeth Cane was the first woman in the United States to legally become a surrogate mother in 1980 (Chittom and Wagner). Surrogate births are illegal in many countries, includingRead MoreSurrogate Mothers : The Topic Of Many Controversies1075 Words à |à 5 Pagesperiod September 23rd, 2015 Surrogate Mothers Surrogate mothers have been the topic of many controversies, regarding how ethical it is. As many know surrogate mothers are women who bear a child for another woman (Surrogacy: the experiences of surrogate mothers, 2196-2204). There has been many sides to this argument, deciding whether it was ethical or unethical. Some people have chosen to support this type of medical practiceRead MoreThe Issue Of Reproductive Cloning833 Words à |à 4 PagesSolutions to end this horrendous procedure is to enforce reproductive cloning to be prohibited throughout countries/continents and discontinue research regards to human cloning. Infertility couples and gender-identical couples have other options such as adoption and In Vitro fertilization. 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Except you two are an infertile couple. Adopting is one option, but wouldnââ¬â¢t it be great to have a child that is genetically similar to you, to see them grow up. Cloning could prov ide an efficient way to find resistance and cures to diseases while providing an option to infertile couples. Human cloning is the process of using nuclear transfer, (a process of dna transfer) to a human cell in order toRead MoreShould Surrogacy Be Legal?1880 Words à |à 8 Pageslong process. By that point, the child could be born and in a normal routine with the surrogate mother. Surrogacy is not a logical solution to infertility. Another option besides surrogacy could be adoption. Adoption for some couples is very useful; these couples find satisfaction in it. Some, however do not perfer adoption. Adoption can be a very long process. There are some children in foster care who are very desirable children. These children are wanted by many different families. Because so Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-73042100397182413192019-12-13T17:01:00.001-08:002019-12-13T17:01:03.235-08:00Natural-Born Free Essays The U.S. Constitution, the supreme law of the land, has been one of the oldest Constitution in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural-Born or any similar topic only for you Order Now à It is also regarded as one of the most stable because up to date there are only twenty-seven amendments done.à Of these twenty-seven, ten were ratified simultaneously while the others were ratified on different dates.à For more than two centuries, only these changes were made.à One reason for this is the rigid procedure of amendments.à The framers of the Constitution saw it fit that it would be better to have a strict and stiff procedure to amend the Constitution so that it will not be used as a tool for politics but rather a guide to a more civilized society. Due to the strict procedure of amendments, certain provisions in the Constitution constitute an impediment especially to those who aspire on becoming the President of the United States.à Article II provides for the qualification those eligible to run for presidency.à It provides that only natural born citizens are eligible for the presidency.à Due to this provision, many aspiring individuals who are qualified educationally, physically, emotionally are being barred to run for the main reason that they are not natural born citizens of the United States of America. As such, the natural born clause constitutes as an undue discrimination to citizens who seeks and aspire to be President of the United States of America. à There are some moves that seek to amend the discriminatory provision but such actions prove to be futile due to the strict procedure of amendment.à The natural born clause amounts to a discrimination among the citizens of the country.à This provision should then be amended to accommodate a wide variety of aspirants who are equipped with adequate knowledge and experience to run the government. The United States of America is undeniably composed of citizens from different culture, race, and ethnicity.à It has a diverse range of people.à From private institutions to government offices, there are different kinds of people that one would encounter.à There is no distinct race in a particular working environment.à Politics did not escape this diversity.à Different personalities hold even critical positions in government.à Although different in race or culture, this does not impair the effective and efficient discharge of their duties.à It does not constitute as a hindrance to interact with other people. Whether natural born citizen or not is beyond the issue.à Due to this, the natural born clause should not discriminate others.à As written in an article by John Dean, he mentioned that ââ¬Å"The ââ¬Å"natural bornâ⬠clause is an inappropriate boundary on a nation built by immigrants, a purposeless limit on the American dreamâ⬠.à He also added that the natural born clause is totally unnecessary and constitute ââ¬Å"political wastageâ⬠. The Constitution should then be amended to realize the principle of political equality. Until the provision on natural born clause is amended, discrimination against non-natural born citizens will continue.à Political equality is one of the best ways to minimize, if not eradicate discrimination.à It could also be used as a tool to unite the differences among races and cultures.à It is a good indication that neither of the races and cultures are superior to the others. In drafting the Constitution, the framers thought that it would be better for them that the leader that will govern should be a bona fide American, meaning a person who is not only a citizen but should also be natural born.à This is to ensure his or her loyalty to the country and not just being an instrument by a foreign country.à They also do not want any foreign influence on the politics. This is what the framers of the Constitution had in mind when they drafted the provision.à However, they are not really aware about the bigger picture.à Ever since, the history of the United States cannot be separated with foreign elements.à The drafting of the Constitution is even influenced by European ideas and beliefs.à This disproves the mindset of the framers of the Constitution.à We cannot, however, blame them for that idea.à It is the nature of man to preserve the power within the race and culture.à Nevertheless, this creates certain drawbacks especially nowadays when most of the citizens are not natural born. Another point why the framers put the natural born clause is for the reason to prevent corruption from foreign government.à At first glance, it might seem to be a good point.à However, if we take a look into a deeper analysis, corruption from foreign government play a minor role.à Corruption in the government by foreign government cannot be dissolve, it can only be minimized.à This is the nature of politics.à Different elements come into play and one of which is influence by foreign elements.à As such, the natural born clause only seeks to minimize, if not eliminate the influence by foreign governments. Considering the abovementioned points, it is submitted that the Constitution, especially the natural born clause, be amended so as to allow other aspiring citizens to become the President of the United States of America.à As long as the aspirant possesses the other qualifications, there should be no other hindrance as to his candidacy in which he does not have any control.à As posited by Jefferson Morley, ââ¬Å"eliminating the natural-born clause might expand the presidential talent pool and improve the contest. It would almost certainly foster a more ethnically diverse field of contendersâ⬠. Gathering from that line, it would create more choices to the voters on whom they would want to govern them.à It would also create a more competitive playing field among politicians to show that they truly deserve to be the President.à Being a citizen is a choice, but the place of birth cannot be chosen.à So to eradicate the political inequality, the Constitution should be amended to allow non-natural born citizens a chance to seek candidacy.à As mentioned by Dean, ââ¬Å"[t]hese are not accidental Americans; rather, they are people who have chosen this country and its system because they love it and want to be part of it. Foreign-born Americans are often better citizens than those who take it all for granted, and they bring to the body politic the diversity that is our strengthâ⬠. Works Cited Dean, John W., ââ¬Å"The Pernicious ââ¬Å"Natural Bornâ⬠Clause of the Constitution: Why Immigrants Like Governors Schwarzenegger and Granholm Ought to be Able to Become Presidentsâ⬠, http://writ.news.findlaw.com/dean/20041008.html, October 8, 2004, April 3, 2008. Morley, Jefferson, ââ¬Å"Natural-Bornâ⬠Killer: Abolish the idiotic constitutional clause barring immigrants from the presidencyâ⬠, http://www.slate.com/id/2079204/, February 25, 2003, April 3, 2008 à à à à à How to cite Natural-Born, Essay examples Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-70746576986566456532019-12-05T13:21:00.001-08:002019-12-05T13:21:03.178-08:00Crossing Brookly Ferry Annotation free essay sample The poem on a literal level discusses the sights and sounds seen on an average venture with the ââ¬Å"scallop edged waves in the twilightâ⬠(Whitman, 136) and the ââ¬Å"crowds of men and women attired in usual costumesâ⬠(Whitman, 135) to cross the river from Manhattan to Brooklyn, yet on a figurative level Whitman discusses the adventure of the soul and the commonality of the body and soul, and within every human. Whitmanââ¬â¢s use of the Brooklyn Ferry as a means to communicate to the reader about the human condition proves to be both inquisitive and insightful in that it raises questions about the body and soul that werenââ¬â¢t considered at the time, and rarely thought of today. His belief in people and the world flow into his poem, just like the tides of the Brooklyn Ferry, allowing the reader to see what Whitman believes. Whitmanââ¬â¢s style is as a poet for his time breaks barriers. We will write a custom essay sample on Crossing Brookly Ferry Annotation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He uses no specific form, therefore as a means to create rhythm he uses anaphora, syntax, and diction to create a rhythm for the reader. He also employs detailed imagery and uses the second perspective by asking the reader questions to ultimately better involve the reader, allowing them to see his philosophies. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-4397233948703310692019-11-28T15:20:00.001-08:002019-11-28T15:20:04.489-08:0020 Analytical Essay Topics Top Ideas from Cost #038; Management Accounting Reporting System Niche20 Analytical Essay Topics Top Ideas from Cost #038; Management Accounting Reporting System Niche If you are looking for some example topics to write your analytical essay on cost and management accounting reporting systems, consider these twenty great topics below: The Layout of Primary Accounting Statements Including Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Sheets: Why They Are Necessary The Link between Primary Statements and Trial Balance Reasons Why Adjustments Are Made Including Bad Debt, Depreciation, Accruals, and Prepayments The Difference between Partnership Businesses, Sole Traders, and Limited Companies The Need for Accounting Principles Which Allow for Reliability, Comparability, Relevance, and Understanding in Accounting Details How Various Accounting Concepts Relate to Aspects of Accounting Management The Lifecycle for Fixed Assets from Their Acquisition to Their Disposal, as well as the Depreciation therein Treatment for Revenue and Capital Expenditure as well ws the Differences between Them The Advantages and Disadvantages of Share and Loan Capital The Components to Share Capital and How to Make Accounting Entries for Returns on Capital How to Dissect Financial Statements and Reach Conclusions about the Financial Situation of an Individual Organization How Accounting Ratios React to Different Transactions Why Business Relies upon Accounting Budgets How to Prepare Cash Budgets While Appreciating Business Benefits and Limitations within the Company Forecast Why Rising Finance is Imperative to Business Success and How Businesses Raise Finance How to Recalculate Goodwill for the Retirement and Admission of New Partners How Tools Can Be Used by Accounting Management to Identify Missing Figures How to Prepare Balance Sheets and Trading Profit and Loss Based on Incomplete Business Records How Accounts for Partnerships Differ between Sole Traders, Partnerships, and Limited Companies How to Remove Partners and Add New Partners to Accounts Analytical Essay Sample: The Layout of Primary Accounting Statements Including Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Sheets: Why They Are Necessary Financial statements are the key to business. Every business entity has to deal with financial reports which are the core area to notice. Annual accounts are the most common ones. However, meeting of shareholders takes place quarterly, which decides about the financial statements. Management has to set themselves a pattern according to which they should prepare financial statements. Yearly accounts are suited to most of the companies. However, this is not a set rule. There is an option of preparing quarterly of semi-annually accounts as well. A company has to have a formula which they should apply regarding preparation of financial accounts. Accounting standards are without a doubt a key to look into. SECP has provided many guidelines that must be adhered to. Certain laws and provisions must also be provided for while preparing financial reports. Some of the key financial statements covered include the balance sheet, the income statement, the statement of retained earnings and the statement of cash flows. There are two types of layout for a balance sheet. A vertical as well as horizontal layout can be considered. Both approaches to the layout are acceptable, and a company can go for one according to their conventional mode of work. The income statement shows the income generated in the period plus the expenses that were paid for. It gives an exact view of the income present with the company or the entity at the end of the period. Accrual basis of accounting has to be applied in which income is to be recognized in income statement when it is received, and expenses are accounted for when they are incurred, not when they are actually paid for. This way a comprehensive income and expenditure statement are prepared.à Net profit or loss is shown at the end. If income were greater than expenses, then there would be a net profit, and if expenses were bigger, then there would be a net loss to be recognized in the income statement. There are two methods of preparation of income statement being used alternatively.à Single-step and multi-step income statements are the two options. You can follow any one of the mentioned approaches for the preparation of the income statement. Income statement relates to a certain period of activity. Retained earnings are affected by profits with the company. Any payments from the profits such as dividends would decrease the balance of retained earnings, and vice versa. Net loss of the company will have a negative impact on retained earnings and profits and will add to the account of retained earnings. At the end, the final figure is calculated by means of addition and deletion of amounts. The statement of retained earnings provide for changes in the retained earnings from period to period. Consolidated financial statements are also prepared which depicts the events that are to occur over a period of time in the future. The statement of shareholderââ¬â¢s equity is another name for the statement of retained earnings. This statement helps the investors and creditors to conclude about the financial position of the entity. A balance sheet as previously discussed also revolves around the accounting equation. Assets are always equal to liabilities+ ownerââ¬â¢s equity. The recognition of the asset or a liability in the financial statements is vital. Fair value recognition is the best method to present a true and fair view of the financial transactions. The statement of cash flows provides an insight about the inflows and outflows of the business. Such inflow or outflow is in monetary value and you can have an idea of what amount of cash has gone out of business, and how much cash business has received for a given period. There are three sections of the statements of cash flows, and you must prepare a statement of cash flow accordingly. 1) operating activities, 2) investing activities and 3) financing activities. The order should be the same as mentioned. You can come across net cash received or paid out on operating, investing and financing activities. At the end, you can sum up all three activities to come up with total cash paid in or out for the given period. Non-cash items are accounted for to come to a genuine and realistic amount of cash in or out for a given period. For example, dividends are cash paid out, but these are not expenses to the business. Such accounting is done in case of the statement of cash flows to come acro ss real cash in or out for the period. References Atkinson, Anthony A.à Management Accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1997. Print. Atrill, Peter, and E. J McLaney.à Financial Accounting For Decision Makers. Harlow, England: Pearson Education, 2013. Print. Atrill, Peter, E. J McLaney, and Peter Atrill.à Management Accounting For Decision Makers. New York: Prentice Hall/Financial Times, 2005. Print. Datar, S. M., Rajan, M. V., Horngren, C. T. (2013).à Managerial Accounting: Decision Making and Motivating Performance. Pearson Higher Ed. Drury, Colin.à Management And Cost Accounting. London: Chapman Hall, 1992. Print. Hansen, Don R, and Maryanne M Mowen.à Cost Management. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western, 2003. Print. Horngren, Charles T.à Management And Cost Accounting. London: Prentice Hall Europe, 1999. Print. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-69185807052208486222019-11-24T22:54:00.001-08:002019-11-24T22:54:03.259-08:00Become Good at Writing a Five-Paragraph EssayBecome Good at Writing a Five-Paragraph Essay How to Write a Five-Paragraph Essay A five-paragraph essay is considered to be one of the most common writing assignments at schools and colleges. In most cases, teachers provide students with a writing prompt. It is a good formula that gives students the opportunity to develop a topic in the sufficient depth and length. But don`t panic if you are unsure whether you can meet some five-paragraph essay requirements. Just search for essay writing reviews in the Internet to find the custom writing service where you could get the professional assistance. But now let`s learn how to write a five-paragraph essay on the example of such essay topic: Todayââ¬â¢s food travels thousands of miles before it reaches customers. Is this a positive or negative trend?à Introduction It is very important to write an effective essay introduction because in this part you reveal the main idea of your paper, provide relevant background information, guide readers and try to grab their attention. You have to open your essay in an engaging way to generate interest in your specific topic. There are many useful strategies for writing introductions that can help you do it successfully. You can ask a question, present a problem, use a startling statistics, address your readers directly or even tell an anecdote. But there are some things you should avoid in your introductory paragraph. Don`t use overworn expressions, don`t apologize and don`t be too obvious. à Example: Nowadays, we do not rely exceptionally on the locally grown food anymore because we have a wonderful opportunity to buy produce from all over the world. While this trend has some obvious advantages to consumers, I would argue that overall transporting food over long distances has some negative sides. The first body paragraph This part of your essay should be dedicated to the most powerful argument. Introduce what your paragraph will be about with a topic sentence. Then introduce your supporting details. Clarify the information you provided with your examples and explain its significance to the argument of your essay. Don`t forget to set up the transition to the next paragraph. à Example: The strongest argument against importing food is environmental. According to some studies, transport and the use of fossil fuels is one of the leading causes of global warming and climate change. This means that if we want to lead a greener lifestyle, we should do our best to minimize transportation. The second body paragraph The second paragraph usually contains the weakest point. Write a topic sentence, explain your argument and present your argument to support it. Make sure that every sentence relates directly to the main idea of the whole paragraph. à Example: Another point that needs to be considered is the impact of transporting food on local farmers and traditional ways of life. Farmers are unable to compete in price with the supermarkets that import cheap and not always high-quality products from other countries. It also has the negative impact on traditional communities that rely on those farms for employment and trade. The third body paragraph Follow the same pattern as the first and second body paragraphs. Don`t forget to include these essential elements: a topic sentence, evidence, explanation, and a concluding sentence. à Example: A further consideration is that food that has travelled across the world is not as healthy as locally grown produce. The simple point is that the further food travels, the less fresh it will be. Therefore, it would be preferable if supermarkets did not transport food from abroad. à Conclusion Your main task in the concluding paragraph is to repeat your argument in the light of everything you have analyzed. You have to make a strong final impression on your audience, stress the importance of your thesis statement and give the essay a sense of completeness. à Example: In conclusion, I believe that the trend for transporting food over long distances is undesirable because it is environmentally unfriendly, threatens local communities and results in less healthy options for consumers. A few examples of five-paragraph essay topics: Should nuclear weapons be outlawed worldwide? Are atheists less moral than theists are? Can online dating replace meeting a person in real life? Does the media create unrealistic expectations of relationships and marriage? Is it okay for parents to monitor teens` Internet use? What effect did human curiosity in relation to our place? Is there too much pressure on teenagers to go to college? Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-61796973252008186342019-11-21T08:25:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:25:09.820-08:00Existentialism and Phenomenology Research PaperExistentialism and Phenomenology - Research Paper Example à It includes work of many philosophers who are co-related to the concept of the existentialism. These include Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Jaspers, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty. It also includes the works of the less popular philosophers namely Paul Tillich, Keiji Nishitani, Colin Wilson, de Unamuno, Marcel, de Beauvoir, Hazel Barnes, Martin Buber and Viktor Frankl. And lastly it has the works of those who have the concept of existentialism embedded in their literary genres who are Beckett, Borges, Pinter, Heller, Roth, Turgenev, Dostoyevsky, Hesse, Rilke, Kafka, Camus, Marquez and Miller. This essay will talk about the philosophical beliefs of Nietzsche and Karl Jaspers. Nietzsche was not in favor of immorality and he was not even against morality, he initially thought that life is devoid of any objective meaning, value, or purpose .His basic area of interest was the Judeo-Christian morality. He was in favor was aristocratic and independent master morality. Nietzsche acknowled ged fate and fatalism, and was also in favor of self-realization. He was struggling with Schopenhauerââ¬â¢s glumness. He basically stressed a lot on stylizing our character in order to become what we are, it is important to mould our character in a way which depicts our originality. Nietzsche is popular for his inventions and his one invention which gained a lot of popularity although it just appeared in one book was the ââ¬Å"Ubermenschâ⬠which is also a substitute and hateful last man. Ultimately, both theà Ubermenschà and the spiritualized will to Power that he embodies symbolize passion and the love of life. Throughout the book we can see some points which holds importance in the eyes of the philosophers, for Nietzsche of the belief is described as "The greatest recent event- that "God is dead" that the belief in the Christian god has become unbelievable -is already beginning to cast its first shadows over Europe." (Solomon 1974 p 67)à It clearly depicts that the European culture is no longer placing God in the center of thing they are doing , he is saying that the value and the importance of God is decreasing in Europe and that we are cast adrift , even if we live in a world of denial. He later on in the book talks about his reaction to this as "Indeed we philosophers and "free spirits" feel, when we hear the news that "the old god is dead", as if a new dawn shone on us, our heart over flows with gratitude, amazement, premonitions, expectations." He here is saying that with the death of god, Christianity form of anti strength and the way value is created has been eliminated and there are no particular ways of replacing it. Nietzsche in the book also talks about his point of view regarding the consciousness and its affect on men, he says that.â⬠That consciousness does not really belong to mans individual existence but rather to his social or herd nature." (Solomon 1974 p 71)à Here Nietzsche stresses on the point where life holds the b asic value. He talks about the social values and other worldly values; he is denying the existence of other heaven or society without classes. He wrote about the way people should live a life and the decisions they should take regarding their lives and the way they spend their life. His way of leading life was not the traditional one which involved the existence of morals because for him he was not sure about the right and wrong. He Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-52665303520596192832019-11-20T11:37:00.001-08:002019-11-20T11:37:06.431-08:00Film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1Film analysis - Essay Example The film is the story of Mildred Pierce, a woman of humble roots who is married to Bert and has two daughters ââ¬â Veda and Kay. Her husband is a successful real estate entrepreneur with his partner Wally, but ultimately loses his job, so Mildred begins to bake pies and sell them to make money to provide nice things for her daughters. The older daughter Veda is a spoilt brat but Mildred loves her and is determined to provide nice things for her. When her husband disagrees with her and refuses to let her spend money on pampering Veda and spoiling her, Mildred leaves him and is determined to get a job. After a great deal of struggle, she lands a job as a waitress and learns the nuts and bolts of the restaurant business, so that she can pay for Vedaââ¬â¢s piano lessons and other vanities. She enters into an agreement with a man named Monty who is from a higher class to buy his house in order to satisfy her daughterââ¬â¢s craving to live a rich lifestyle. She even makes him a p artner in her restaurant business. Everything she does is for her daughter Veda. But as the girl grows up, she turns out to be a spoilt brat who expresses her contempt for her motherââ¬â¢s humble roots and is completely ungrateful for all the sacrifices her mother has made on her behalf. Finally, she even wants to run away with Monty and kills him when he refuses to run away with her. Champoux (1999:206), points out that ââ¬Å"film enhances the learning process in ways unavailable in other media.â⬠The film Mildred Pierce provides several positive images of women however the ultimate objective in the film is to illustrate the destructive effects of such liberation. In this aspect therefore, the film is one that falls into the classic film noir category. Orr (1997) considers two basic approaches to genre theory and describes one that is applicable to the film Mildred Pierce. This approach holds that the genre of a film cannot be defined by its dominant Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-76972430395724201342019-11-18T05:35:00.001-08:002019-11-18T05:35:03.679-08:00Time Continues To Fly and Changes Continue to Occur EssayTime Continues To Fly and Changes Continue to Occur - Essay Example Similarly, in John Updikeââ¬â¢s short story A & P, the protagonist Sammy works as a checkout clerk at the supermarket of the same name as the title of the story. He finds his work monotonous, goes on with it robotically until his attention is caught by a group of girls who are clad in swimming costumes. Being a boy of nineteen years, he is, not so surprisingly, immediately attracted to them especially the tallest one who he nicknames Queenie. He watches them closely, almost acting like a stalker. He sees and imagines and wishes. When the manager Lengel tells the group of girls off for coming to A & P dressed in their swimsuits and nothing more, Sammy is indignant on their behalf. Wanting to play the hero and to get their attention, maybe even their number, he resigns on the spot. Lengel tries to reason with him, even brings in his parentsââ¬â¢ displeasure at the resignation. Sammy realizes what he has done will bring repercussions but what is done is done and he is willing to f ace the consequences (Updike). Sammy acts the way he does because he had been distracted by a couple of beautiful girls. It is understandable, of course, but giving up his job turns out to be useless since the girls leave before he does and have no idea of what he has done for them. He follows his impulses, is emotional about his decision and loses his job. He is unemployed once again and has no way of earning money. As Lengel reminds him, his parents would be disappointed because of this. Resigning may even seem worth it if he had actually gotten the girl but he had not. He had only ended up making bad decisions out of which he got nothing. They backfired from all angles. This is how life to a teenager seems like. All problems and no successes no matter what they do to achieve whatever they wish. In the story Greasy Lake which is written by the author T. Coraghessan Boyle, he is reminiscing about his years as a ââ¬Å"rebellious punkâ⬠. He writes about three boys who think the y are ââ¬Å"coolâ⬠because they act like ââ¬Å"bad boysâ⬠when; in fact, they still are boys with their own insecurities and are unsure about life. They are nineteen year old young men called Jeff, Digby and the unnamed narrator. These three are on a lookout for adventures and thrill and think that is all to life. They drive around in their motherââ¬â¢s car, drinking, wishing for a change in life but are not exactly excited when their wishes do come true. The three hang out at their spot away from the town, it is dirty with rubbish around it and obviously nothing good can happen there. When they reach the Greasy Lake, they pull a prank but it turns horribly wrong and they do not know what to do. They were aiming to make fun of another friend but they end up pranking someone else completely. A fight breaks out between the three boys and the man who is, in actuality, a ââ¬Å"bad guyâ⬠and not just pretending to be one like them. The man hits them and injures them but eventually the three manage to overcome him and hit him with an iron rod which makes him lose conscious (Boyle). After this, the manââ¬â¢s girlfriend comes running out and when the boys find her attractive, they start ripping off her clothes and it seems like they are attempting to rape her but then another car arrives. The occupants of the car start to scream at them so they rush for cover. The narrator tries to hide himself in the swampy water and is disgusted and very frightened when he sees a dead body in front of him. The other carsââ¬â¢ Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3316203718186753277.post-26854981138085370872019-11-15T18:06:00.001-08:002019-11-15T18:06:04.756-08:00History Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Philosophy EssayHistory Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Philosophy Essay Humanization responds to a necessity to complement the extremes that converge in the nature of the human being, by which the process of achieving a balance in life can be realized as these extremes shorten its distance and be able to assimilate and associate within the condition of being human. In the epic of Gilgamesh, this is how this complementarity is set between the relationship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu, beings of opposite natures. They will find their human condition under the direct influence that one have over the other. In the vast path they will manage to perform great tasks and adventures, which will further enhance their ties of friendship and loyalty. On one hand, Gilgamesh, King of Uruk, was shown to be a haughty, tyrant and an arrogant character. He is son of Lugulbanda, king of the first dynasty of Uruk and his mother Ninsun, who was a minor goddess. The gods created him with a perfect body. The bigger part of him was made in heaven and the smaller part somewhere on earth. (Jackson 21) The almost divine sublimity of Gilgamesh makes him not be considered human, and in his mind he does not consider the idea of death as a real possibility as for the rest of the human beings. What magnifies his tyranny and arrogance makes him be feared among the people of Uruk. On the other hand, Enkidu, created by Aruru to be the counterpart of Gilgamesh, was born as an animal. He grew up in the woods, raised by nature with a wild personality. He did not know of people and lived with gazelles. Enkidu, the boy who walked on mountains, who eats the food of the beasts and, like the beasts, comes down at will to drink from the watery hole (Jackson 23). Enkidu was seduced by a prostitute named Shamhat and this being his rite of humanization. She let him see what a force a girl can have, and he stayed with her scented bush for seven nights (Jackson 23). The friends he has from on wild will exile him if he presses his person (Jackson 23). Due to this fact, Enkidu starts to build awareness and reason, so he finally acquires the courage to go in search of Gilgamesh. The prostitute said to him Please come with me and be my love at the immaculate domicile and there we will see Gilgamesh, the powerful (Jackson 24). The closer these poles, the greater the possibility is of creating a balance between them. I pray for fortune and for fate to send me such a one that I may have a friend whos as kind and patient as a brother.(Jackson 26). He manages to lose his arrogance and a process of humanization begins that makes him leave behind his tyranny. That is why Gilgamesh forges ties of friendship with Enkidu. Enkidu and Gilgamesh joined in sacred friendship and sealed their solemn bond with a noble kiss. (Jackson 28). Both showing different types of forces complement what they represent and go humanizing constantly to each other. Enkidu worries about how he will die; being as a wild animal when raised in the woods he never had thought about the real meaning that death could have. Moreover, for Gilgamesh, the death of his friend Enkidu marks a turning point in his life. From there one, he achieved assuming his human condition, and therefore mortal. Two systems can be found between the world that is ours, imperfect, and the divine world. The imperfect world is the world of Gilgamesh in which there is suffering. The Divine world where Enkidu comes from is a world where there is no suffering, where there is immortality. The story is based on tragedy as the two protagonists break the rules established by the gods. Aristotle stated that the person who does not dwell within the human limits is either a beast or a God. He defined the limits of the human field with divinity in one end and animal nature in the other. The Gods differ from humans by their immortality, for these beings, death is something impossible. On the other hand, the animals lack the awareness of death and it is something unthinkable. Against these impossible and unthinkable aspects man is aware of his death. This awareness is what marks the limit of the human, the divine and the animal. Taking it to the case of Gilgamesh, believed that being a demigod he was immortal. For him it was impossible, but to witness the death of his friend Enkidu. He realizes death and led him to consider the subject of death and above all to fear it. For Enkidu, being in a primitive and animal state he was not aware of death. His state of irrationality was not able to understand that one day he will die. The death of Enkidu is the destination to which he must return, because he is the god of the underworld. His destiny was to return to the chaos. On the death of Enkidu, Gilgamesh does not support the idea of being without his beloved friend and much less the idea of dying, but failing in his attempts to attain immortality, accepts resigned and becomes a wise man and returned to his life of ruling in Uruk. Gilgamesh undertake a tireless search to achieve immortality; in the same way as other mortal have done it, the distant Utnapishtim found it through the gods. Ive come to ask directions to Utnapishtim, who lives so free beyond deaths deep, deep lake. Where can he be?(Jackson 52). During his voyage, disappointment and discouragement take over him and makes him a man consumed by sadness. God, has your heart forgotten me? (Jackson 61). The characters are relatively free because when they go to some of their adventures, specifically when hunting Humbaba, is it totally their decision to let the monster live or kill him. The uncertainty and fear they had to face when fighting Humbaba against his strength and armor. Even with the protection of the god Shamash, weapons, intelligence and physical power there was no guarantee that they came out victorious in the battle. Though Shamash intervened for us, saying we had slain Humbaba and the bull with his consent (Jackson 39). At the end when the snake steals the plant of youth, it was not a plan of the gods but simply an event of bad fortune. Gilgamesh is the representation of the essence of the man, since it has strengths, fears, ambitions and flaws that every human being has. During the story, powerful emotions, such as love that Gilgamesh and Enkidu felt in their friendship, the pain of a loss in the hands of death, and the revenge of the gods to see the glorious tasks of the two friends. I greatly love my friend who was always there for me. I loved Enkidu who was always there for me.(Jackson 50) The desperation of Gilgamesh to reach immortality, which for him was something unattainable, and the fear of death can also be noticed. Finally the comfort that feels Gilgamesh arriving at his beloved city understanding the issues that have been big concerns in the history of human evolution, these being the meaning of life, the fear of death, and the search for immortality. The instincts of Gilgamesh and Enkidu lead us to a state of balance between the natural and the divine. This state can be found between the supreme and the animal and every human being has it. Gilgamesh lowers his attitudes of demigod and tyrant, becoming a being fearful, passionate, and filled with human feelings. Furthermore, Enkidu goes from an irrational position to a rational and emotional one. The two characters need each other, because they would never have reached the stage of humanization without the complementation of both. Zoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03522504530705076294noreply@blogger.com0