Height: Width of Limpets Across Different Zones

stony strand Ecology Holbeck Beach This playing field was conducted to beneathstand whether the peak to width balance of limpets exchangeed across the three main regularizes on the put raft upper, plaza and land. It was carried out on Holbeck Beach, North Yorkshire, where limpets were measured in all three zones using random sampling. We fix a signifi idlert remnant in the height to width ratio between the upper and scorn shore and upper and middle shore. This is due to many factors, including the threat of desiccation and ardent waves. Limpet Patelle VulgataRocky ShoreEcologyHolbeck BeachUpper ShoreMiddle ShoreLower ShoreCallipers QuadrentRandom SampleDesiccation INTRODUCTION viridity limpets, patella Vulgata, are found, on bouldered shores, wherever in that location is an landing field firm sufficient for appurtenance on reels, stones and in pit pools. 1 The common limpet is comm still found on Holbeck shore in comparatively high abundance. Patella vulgata are in the taxonomic group gastropoda, and the family acmaeidae. They are abundant on rocky shores of all degrees of wave exposure but a high density of oceanweed makes it harder for the Patella Vulgata to attach itself to the rocks, so limpet density is reduced. 2 Patella Vulgata have the ability to use their mucus and their foot to clamp down upon the rock with considerable force. This allows them to remain safely attached at all measures, despite strong wave live up to and the threat of desiccation during low tide. When the limpet is fully clamped onto the rock it is almost impossible to remove them. The common limpet is a temperate species, so is found mainly across Europe, spread from Nor commission to Portugal. The grey conical shell of Patella Vulgata can reach a width of 6cm and height of 3cm with ridges radiating from the central apex.The muscular foot of the limpet is ordinarily a yellow colour and attached to the smooth interior of its shell. 3 Limpets graze upon alg ae, which grows upon the rocks where they live. They can scrape the algae with its radula (a tongue coated with many rows of teeth) as they slowly move across the rock surfaces. The Patella Vulgata unendingly return to the same spot, known as the homing scar, before the tide withdraws. The shells grow to match the contours of the rock in order to form a strong sealing wax, protecting them from desiccation and also predation.They find their way back to the same spot by using chemical cues, finding their own mucus dog and following it back to their home point. 4 Limpets are the prey of a variety of creatures, including seals, fish, shore-birds, starfish and humans. The limpets have two defences fleeing or clamping down to the rock. They can determine which would be the most effective by detecting chemicals in the environment. Patella Vulgata have the general lifespan of 10 years but this can be drastically diverged by the rate of suppuration. If in that location is an excess of food, the limpets grow exceedingly quickly but generally only live for around 3 years.However, if food is sparse, limpets usually grow very slowly but can live up to 20 years. 5 Patella Vulgata are hermaphrodites and undergo a sex transport during their life. At around 9 months they mature as males, but after a couple of years they change sex and become female. Spawning occurs annually, usually during the winter months as it is triggered by rough seas, which disperse the eggs and sperm. 6 The larvae has a pelagic life of about 2 weeks and then settles on rocks at a shell continuance of about 0. 2 mm, usually in rock pools or areas that are constantly damp. HYPOTHESISOur hypothesis states that there will be a expiration in the height to width ratio of limpets on antithetic parts of the beach unhorse, middle and upper. The null hypothesis states that there will be no difference between the height to width ratio of limpets on different parts of the beach take down, middle and up per. method We visited an exposed rocky shore at Scarborough in order to deduce whether the height to length ratio of limpets changed across different zones of the shore. Initially, we had to identify the different area of the beach and we did this by using different types of seaweed and levels of renewal as an indicator. 7 The upper zone, also known as the high tide zone, does not have enough water to sustain self-aggrandising amounts of vegetation. 8 The predominant organisms are anemones, barnacles, hermit crabs and limpets. The rock pools in this area are inhabited by large seaweed and small fish. The middle shore, or middle tide zone, is submerge by water for approximately half of the cycle. This means that there is the capability to support much more than marine vegetation, specifically seaweeds. The organisms found there are more complex and larger in size of it than march on up the shore. 9 The rock pools can provide a suitable habitat for small fish, sea urchins, shr imps and zoo plankton. This area is more diversified than the upper shore. The lower shore, or low tide zone, is mostly subaquatic underwater. The most noticeable difference of this sub-region is the large diversity of different types of seaweeds. Organisms found in this zone are generally less adapted to periods of dryness. The creatures are generally the largest and most complex organisms on the shore as there are more sources of food as marine vegetation flourishes.The way that we sampled was random, pith that every point is equally likely to be selected, and selection of one point does not change the probability of including any separate point. 10 Once we had deduced the zones, we picked a random point in the zone, which was always the origin, and utilize a random number chart to decide how we far would walk before putting down the quadrant. We then measured the height and width of all the limpets inside the quadrant. In order to measure the limpets accurately we used a set of callipers the callipers were positioned from the posterior end of the shell to the anterior.On average we measured 27 limpets per zone. We did not calculate a running mean but we knew from other students that variation decreases in the region of 20-25. We put in the data using a simple tally, adding to it during the day. RESULTS Lower to Middle Shore My hypothesis was that there would be a significant difference in the height to length ratio of limpets found between the lower and mid shore. My statistical testing gave a t-value of 1. 3 at 52 degrees of freedom. This value is not large enough to give me any trustfulness that there is a statistically significant difference, as it is downstairs 1. 8 therefore I must reject my hypothesis and take on my null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the height to length ratio of limpets found between the lower and mid shore. Middle to Upper Shore My hypothesis was that there would be a significant difference in the height to length ratio of limpets found between the mid and upper shore. My statistical test gave a t-value of 3. 3 at 50 degrees of freedom. This value is larger than 2. 70, giving me a 99% bureau that there is a statistically significant difference and therefore I am able to suffer my hypothesis. Upper to Lower ShoreMy hypothesis was that there would be a significant difference in the height to length ratio of limpets found between the upper and lower shore. My statistical test gave a t-value of 3. 2 at 52 degrees of freedom. This value is again larger than 2. 70 giving me a 99% confidence that there is a statistically significant difference and therefore I am able to accept my hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS The data we collected shows that the smallest limpets found on the Holbeck shore were on the middle shore. We found that, on the lower shore, the limpets had the smallest height but the largest width.This can be explained as they are the affected most by strong waves and are mo st at risk of being washed away. To combat these problems they have a shallow but wide shell to give the largest area for the muscular foot to hold onto the rock. Also, the limpets at the git of the shore are underwater for the longest time. This means that they have less problems combating desiccation than limpets in the other zones. This allows for a larger circumference of the shell, as it is not as essential to have a consummate(a) seal to the rock. 11On the upper shore, the limpets we found were generally taller with a little base of their shell. Being far up the beach, they do not have as many strong waves which whitethorn wash them from their rock so they do not need as large an area for the muscular foot to grip the rock. However, the smaller circumference lowers the chances of having an imperfection in the shape of the shell compared to the homing scar, meaning that a perfect seal will be created. This is of paramount importance as they spend most of their time exposed and in the sunlight meaning desiccation could easily occur. 12 To help prevent desiccation, the tall shell allows water to be trapped inside, creating a small pool and allowing the limpet to survive whilst being out of water during low tide. nevertheless DISCUSSION Apart from the threats of desiccation and strong waves, there may be other factors which influence the growth of limpets in different areas on the shore. One factor would be the feeding time available for limpets. 13 Limpets further down the shore spend more time underwater so they have more time to graze where as the limpets further up the shore have very little time under water so have very little grazing time. 14 The amount food eaten may in some way affect the growth patterns and development of the conical shells. Another factor is salinity. When the shore is submerged regularly by sea water, the salinity generally remains stable. However, in areas with an abundance of rock pools may have varied salinity levels. As rock pools constantly dry out, due to exposure to warmly temperature, the water evaporates leaving behind the salt. 15 Overtime the salinity levels become high, making the rock pool livable to many creatures, including limpets which can only tolerate normal sea water salinity. 16 Fluctuations in salinity alter the water potential and may cause cells in the limpet to become turgid or flaccid both(prenominal) of which are dangerous. REFERENCES 1 RG Evans (1974). Biology of British Limpets Page 411. assemble on 12. 10. 12. 2 I Cockcroft. Website Gyllybeach, Common Limpet. Found on 13. 10. 12. 3 Fish, J. D. & Fish, S. (1996) A students guide to the seashore. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Found on 13. 10. 12 4 Website pznow, Limpets. Found on 14. 10. 12. 5 Hill, J. M. , (2000). Patella vulgata.Common limpet. leatherneck Life Information. 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